What did anyone seeking to organize a corporation have to acquire?
They had to obtain a special act of state legislature.
100
How did industrialization affect the Southern States?
The South produced more cotton to feed the growing demands of Northern textile mills.
100
What 1804 uprising caused white Americans to fear a slave revolt?
They felt the slave uprising in Saint Domingue, which established the Republic of Haiti, would inspire rebellion.
100
What was required by the spread of settlement into the Mississippi Valley?
Settlers required efficient transportation to take their produce to market.
100
Toll roads became known as _________ due to the gates that needed to be "turned back" by guards.
Turnpikes
200
What was the general public opinion regarding the privilege of incorporation in the 1780s?
Only public projects like roads and waterworks should be allowed to incorporate.
200
What made cotton an "uneconomical crop"?
The need to remove seeds made growing cotton, especially green-seed cotton, a laborious process.
200
What was the goal of the American Colonization Society?
They attempted to deport blacks to their own colony, and even purcahsed land in Africa (establishing the Republic of Liberia) to be able to do so.
200
What are some potential effects of an efficient transporation network?
It could increase land values, stimulate trade (domestic and foreign), and strengthen the economy.
200
Why didn't turnpike companies make much money?
Alternative routes could be used without payment ("shunpikes"), and maintenance of these roads was costly.
300
Why did the growth of American Industry lessen the importance of foreign commerce?
American industrial growth reduced the need for foreign products.
300
Who invented the cotton gin, which made harvesting cotton about 50 times more efficient?
Eli Whitney
300
What economic event halted the progress of the colonization of blacks?
The cotton boom, which required much labor, reinvigorated the need for slaves.
300
What body of water provided a natural highway for western commerce?
The Mississippi River and its tributaries.
300
Why weren't turnpikes the solution to the Western need for shippment routes?
Shipping goods on turnpikes proved too costly.
400
How did the rise of manufacturing affect farmers?
Cities flourished, and farmers were called upon to feed the growing populace; farming thrived along with manufacturing.
400
What did sales from the exportation of cotton pay for?
Much-need European products were payed for by the exportation of cotton.
400
How did attitudes about the slave trade change by 1820?
It was frowned upon even by some Southerners who saw it as a cruel and greedy market.
400
The first high-quality road, based off of European highways, connected which two Pennsylvania cities?
Lancaster and Philadelphia
400
What invention revolutionized shipping by making upstream travel more efficient?
The Steamboat
500
According to economist Daniel Raymond, what was the purpose of incorporation?
"To produce inequality" for the "benefit of the rich"
500
How did cotton sales benefit other non-Southern players in the economy, such as farmers and merchants?
Western farmers sold their surpluses to feed cotton plantation workers; Northern merchants profited from distributing the cotton.
500
How did Northern blacks attempt to increase their rights?
They distributed publications, petitioned legislatures, and protested to try to convince the whites of their mistreatment.
500
Which state lead the movement for improved transportation (by building a road between Albany and Lake Erie by 1812) and had accumulated 4,000 miles of roads by 1821?
New York
500
American engineer Robert Fulton made the first steamboat, called ________ .