Measuring Matter
Why do scientists prefer to describe matter by its mass?
Because mass does not change with location.
Define physical and chemical property.
Physical: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing into another substance.
Chemical: a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances.
Define physical change and chemical change.
physical change: when the appearance or form of a substance has changed but no new substance is produced.
chemical change: or chemical reaction- a change in matter that produces one or more new substance.
Define weight.
is the measure of the force of gravity.
If you drop a marble into a glass of water, the marble will sink because its ____________________ is greater than that of water.
density
SI unit for.....
1. Mass is ___________
2. Volume is _________
1. kilogram (kg)
2. cubic meter (m^3) or cm^3, L, mL
How can scientists use things about characteristic properties?
Scientists can use characteristics properties to compare and contrast matter.
all changes of state of matter, bending, crushing, breaking, dissolving, separating mixtures- filtration and distillation
Define SI and what does it stand for.
International System of Units; to measure the properties of matter.
What is the density of water at room temperature?
1 g/cm^3
If you weigh 90 pounds on Earth, your mass is about 40 _______?
kilogram
Provide an example of a physical property. List 5
What is Density, color, odor, melting/boiling points, shininess, hardness, ability to attract a magnet, ability to dissolve in water or solubility
Provide an example of a chemical change. List 4
combustion, electrolysis, oxidation, tarnishing
Define volume.
the amount of space that matter occupies
Which two pieces of laboratory equipment would be the most useful for measuring the mass and volume of a rectangular block?
a balance and a metric ruler
What are two types of solids? How is the volume determined for both?
Rectangular Solid: V= Length . Width .Height
Irregular Solid: By placing the irregular solid om a graduated cylinder and finding the difference in the volume of the water before and after the object was added.
Provide an example of a chemical property. List 4.
Flammability, Rusting, Tarnishing, Oxidation
_______________ is a chemical change that happens naturally in plants.
Photosynthesis
What is a graduated cylinder used for?
find volume
How will your weight be different in Jupiter?
On Jupiter you would weigh only about one sixth of your weight on Earth.
Formula for density? What type of property is density? What can knowing density of a liquid tell you?
D= m/v
Physical property
It can tell you if the liquid will float or sink in water, because density of the liquid can be compared to density of water.
A physical property of oxygen is that it is a _____________ at room temperature.
A chemical property of oxygen is that it reacts with __________ to form rust.
Gas
Iron
What is luminol?
is a chemical that glows in the dark when it reacts with even the smallest traces of blood.
What is balance or scale used for?
To find the mass
Describe the changes that occur when you use frozen orange juice concentrate to make a pitcher of orange juice.
The frozen juice is a solid, which melts and changes to a liquid. The water you add to the juice makes a mixture. The liquid mixture changes shape in the pitcher. These are physical changes.