Earth's Layers
Earth's Moving Crust
Miscellaneous
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
100
What is the difference between Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere?
Lithosphere measures about 2900 km. and Athenosphere measures about 100 to 200 km. Lithosphere is a rigid rock which is with the crust. Asthenosphere is a molten section of the mantle that flows like soft plastic.
100
Explain Sea Floor Spreading.
The Oceanic crust formed during a period of normal polar orientation. When underwater volcanoes erupt currents move the seafloor.
100

What ocean did Mount Tambora erupt in?

The Pacific ocean.

100
What are the 3 different faults called?
Reverse, Normal, and strike-slip.
100
Name the two different types of pipes in volcanoes.
Conduit pipe, Branch pipe, 
200
Earth's continental crust and oceanic crust.
Continental crust has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. It is mostly made of granite, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. Oceanic crust has a density of about 3.3 grams per cubic centimeter. It is mostly made up of basalt composition.
200

Explain the idea of continental drift and give the evidence to support the idea.

Continental drift is when the continents slowly move apart. Alfred Wegener saw that all the continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. All the continents formed a supercontinent called Pangea.

200
What are the two different crusts?
Continental crust and oceanic crust.
200
What are the three different types of force?
Compression force, tension force, and shear force.
200
Describe the structure of a volcano.
First, it has the magma chamber that is connected with a big bunch of pipes like the branch pipe or the condition pipe. Then there is the throat that leads to the vent inside the crater.
300
Compare and contrast the inner and outer core.
The intense pressure and heat inside the planet keep the material in the outer core liquid. The intense pressure of the center of the planet is so great that despite the high heat the material there is a solid.
300
Define the theory of tectonic plates and what causes them to move.
Earths Lithosphere is broken into large slabs of rock. It moves slowly over the Earth's surface. Plate move because of the action of convection currents that are created by the heating and cooling of the magma in the mantle.
300
What are the four different parts of the earth?
Mantle, Crust, outer core, inner core.
300

Describe the three types of faults.

When the hanging wall goes above the footwall it is a Reverse. When the hanging wall goes below the footwall it is Normal. When earth's plates move horizontally it is a strike-slip.

300
Explain how volcanoes affect Earth's surface.

They let out dangerous gases like sulfur dioxide. They also it can destroy buildings., The heat of the volcano can melt ice or snow, causing torrents of water, mud, and debris.


400
Describe Earths crust, mantle, and core.
Earth's crust is the outer layer of the Earth. Earths mantle is A very thick layer of mostly solid rock, silicon, and magnesium.
400
Describe how the flood might explain how the plate movements may have been more rapid in the past.
The violent event of the flood may have been what caused the tectonic plates to speed up.
400
Give 3 pieces of evidence that the seafloor spreads.
Magnetic reversal changes in the magnetic pattern of the ocean floor indicate reversals in Earth's magnetic field over time. The depth of sediment is the farther away core samples are taken of the ocean floor from a spreading center, the deeper the sediments are. Radiometric dating of rocks also shows that rock ages increase with distance from a spreading center.
400
How do Earthquakes affect Earths surface?

They affect the Planets surface is that they can cause tsunamis.

400

Compare and contrast cinder cone, composite, and shield volcanoes.

A cinder cone is a small cone-shaped mountain. It erupts volcanic ash and cinders.  A composite is a large mountain with steep sloping flanks. A Shield volcano is a broad mountain with gently sloping flanks.




500
Explain why the theory of uniformitarianism requires long ages of Earth's history.
Short-aged geology believes that much of the data can be explained by the flood described in the Bible. Neocatastrophism believes that natural process are sometimes interrupted by catastrophes, or sudden, short-lived, violent events like floods, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
500
Contrast what happens at divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.
Divergent boundaries are when the plates move apart. This is found on land in the ocean. Transform boundaries are when plates move horizontally past each other. These are found on land in the ocean and in the ocean. Convergent Boundaries are where plates come together and it is found on land and in the ocean.
500
How many km from top to bottom is the Earth's mantle?
2900 km.
500

Differentiate among three types of earthquakes waves. 

A P-wave travels through the planet. An S-wave travels through the planet and an L-wave travels across the surface of the planet. 
500
Describe some of the hazards faced by people living at the base of a Composite volcano.
It erupts thick lava, volcanic ash, and cinders. It produces highly explosive eruptions.
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