Vocabulary
People who risk their capital in organizing and running a business
Millions left ________ to work in mines and factories
Farms
The railroad company that began in Omaha and built west while constructing the Transcontinental Railroad
Union Pacific
Invented the electric light bulb
Thomas Edison
Replacement workers hired by companies during a strike
Strikebreakers
Business leaders who were so powerful they could influence the US government
Robber Barons
An important factor in industrialization that resulted from large families and a flood of immigrants
Large Workforce
The railroad company that used Chinese laborers to build the Transcontinental Railroad east from California
Central Pacific
Oil tycoon who started Standard Oil Co.
John D. Rockefeller
Occurring in 1877, this was the first nationwide labor protest
The Great Railroad Strike
When a company owns all the different businesses on which it depends for its operation
Vertical Integration
Natural Resources
The place where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific met to complete the Transcontinental Railroad
Promontory Point
Steel tycoon
Andrew Carnegie
After a strike left 1 striker dead, a group formed to protest the killing, which resulted in a confrontation with police, a bomb being thrown, and a shootout
Haymarket Riot
Combining many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation
Horizontal Integration
Also known as free enterprise, this "hands-off" attitude allowed the US to industrialize rapidly
Laissez-Faire
Passed in 1862, this law provided for the construction of a transcontinental railroad
Pacific Railway Act
Former riverboat captain who became a successful consolidator of railroads
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Sparked by wage cuts, this strike was ended when railroad managers attached US mail cars to their freight cars to force the strikers back to work
Pullman Strike
When corporations make goods cheaper because they produce so much so quickly
Economies of Scale
Passed in 1861 to protect American industry, this actually hurt many Americans by causing other countries to raise their tariffs on American goods
Morrill Tariff
Built without federal money, this is the only transcontinental railroad that wasn't eventually forced into bankruptcy
Great Northern Railroad
The first leader of the American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
Strike at a Carnegie steel mill which resulted in the Pinkertons killing 9 workers
Homestead Strike