Community Health
The PHNs at the public health department have teamed with the community to help build community capacity. This could include all of the following except:
Assessing how many people the community clinic will contain at one time.
Nurse researchers concerned with families at risk for homelessness utilized the logic model to help develop an outreach program in their city. The researchers found a main benefit to the logic model was that they were able to:
Help stakeholders visualize how the program goal(s) related directly to the objectives.
The infection control nurse in the main hospital located in an industrial mill town alerts the public health department to the recent admission of patients with a waterborne illness. Once they had identified a common pathogen, they recognized that the outbreak was confined to poorer members of their community who did not have access to a pool during an extreme heat wave. They had been swimming in the local lake that was supposed to be off limits. All who had gotten sick had submerged their head. This is an example of a
Nursing community diagnosis.
Pressure to slant or misuse the findings of an evaluation from the stakeholders would be what kind of problem?
Ethical
Once a community health assessment has been completed and the health priority has been established, the first step is to:
Understand the underlying factors contributing to the problem
A team of nurses and physicians at a community hospital were concerned about the lack of vaccinations among children being seen in the emergency department (ED). They knew that in other states there had been an outbreak of measles and wanted to avoid it in their community. Based on their review of the ED records, they immediately mounted an aggressive vaccine campaign sponsored by the hospital. The program did not succeed. What key component(s) of health program planning did they miss that might explain the failure of the program?
Active involvement of the community as a partner
A nurse wants to use evidence-based practice (EBP) to develop a program aimed at preventing social isolation in older adults. The first step the nurse should take is to:
Consult the literature to create a rationale for intervention.
A PHN is evaluating the effectiveness of a health intervention program for children by looking at the program characteristics. According to Lisbeth Schorr’s criteria, the nurse will be looking for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Whether the program is meeting all the needs of the children
Whether the program continues to reach out to the families in neighborhoods
Whether the program stays true to its goals
Whether the staff and managers are able to support the mission of the program
A community team made up of school administrators, parents, and teachers is in the process of addressing the issue of obesity in school age children. They contact the PHN in their community and discuss possible models for a health program. One of the models that the PHN mentions is the Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling factors, and Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) component of the PRECEDE- PROCEED model. The PHN explains that this model begins with:
A comprehensive community assessment.
A team of nurses and physicians at a community hospital were concerned about the lack of vaccinations among children being seen in the emergency department (ED). They knew that in other states there had been an outbreak of measles and wanted to avoid it in their community. Following the failure of a vaccine program the hospital team implemented, the team contacted the public health department, and they were referred to Amanda, the PHN overseeing the children’s health program. She acknowledged their concern and told them, in conjunction with the community and the PHD’s communicable disease unit, they were already working on a program to increase vaccination across the life span. Amanda apologized for not including them as key stakeholders and invited them to join the team. Amanda explained that a key concern for the community was social justice. The new members on the team from the hospital were concerned about cost if the program was expanded to include other age groups. All but which of the following would be an example of a lack of social justice? Limiting the program to vaccines for:
No one within the context of available resources.
A nurse is planning for the community acceptance of a program, estimating resources, developing specific plans for activities, and establishing program management. The nurse is currently working on:
Program implementation.
When analyzing evidence-based practice (EBP) literature to see if the information should be used in planning a program, a nurse should look at which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Quantitative and qualitative data from studies
Analysis to see if the program is thriving
Indicators of real outcomes and behavior change
Indicators of outside factors that might change the program
In general, nurses using the program planning model would begin by:
Identifying primary health issues in the community.
A team of nurses and physicians at a community hospital were concerned about the lack of vaccinations among children being seen in the emergency department (ED). They knew that in other states there had been an outbreak of measles and wanted to avoid it in their community. The team finally completed a community assessment using secondary data, including de-identified hospital data. The team members for the hospital had initially analyzed the data and came together to come up with a community diagnosis related to vaccination. Based on the first two parts of a community diagnosis, they had identified the problem, low vaccination rates, and the population affected, children and adolescents. The next two steps in the community diagnosis include:
Identifying what the problem is related to and how the problem is demonstrated.
A nurse is working on a type of evaluation that examines how a program actually works and whether any outside environmental events might have an impact on the program. This type of evaluation is called a:
Process evaluation.
In community organizing, the PHN recognizes that her role is as a: (Select all that apply.)
Listener
Facilitator
Developer of skills
A group of public health officials want to use the logic model for program design. In this model, when a program’s intended outcome is achieved, this is referred to as successful:
Output.
A PHN is studying an older adult population in a high-rise building. As part of the community diagnosis, there are several factors to be examined, including the factor that is particularly significant when designing the program because it alters the outcome. This factor is called the:
Mediating factor.
A PHN is gathering evaluation information on a program to be used for several purposes, except:
To share with the media for public relations.
When considering the outcomes of a planned intervention, a nurse should measure which of the following types of outcomes? (Select all that apply.)
Short-term
Medium-term
Changes in knowledge, skills, or behavior
Unexpected or unintended outcomes