CH04
What is the main function of epithelial tissue?
Covering, lining, and protecting surfaces; also absorption, secretion.
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs?
Stratum basale.
Which bone cells break down bone matrix?
Osteoclasts.
What are the three main components of connective tissue?
Cells, fibers, and ground substance.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
What is the first step of tissue repair?
Inflammation.
What immune-related cells are found in the epidermis?
Langerhans cells (dendritic cells).
What is the name of the small spaces that house osteocytes?
Lacunae.
Which cells in the skin detect touch?
Merkel cells.
What is the function of arrector pili muscles?
They cause hair to stand up (goosebumps).
What embryonic tissue gives rise to all connective tissues?
Mesenchyme.
What type of sweat gland is active during emotional stress and found in armpits/groin?
Apocrine gland.
Which hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
What is the name of the small spaces that house osteocytes?
Lacunae.
What hormone inhibits osteoclast activity and lowers blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin.
Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium commonly found?
Lining of the trachea and upper respiratory tract.
What rule is used to estimate the percentage of the body burned?
The Rule of Nines.
What type of ossification forms most bones from hyaline cartilage?
Endochondral ossification.
What tiny canals connect osteocytes in an osteon?
Canaliculi.
What term refers to the process of bone thickening (increasing diameter)?
Appositional growth.
What is the primary function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?
To secrete mucus.
What causes fingerprints?
Dermal papillae pushing up into the epidermis, forming friction ridges.
What happens to the epiphyseal plate after puberty?
It becomes the epiphyseal line when growth stops.
What bone disorder in children results from a vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets.
What hormone deficiency during childhood can lead to stunted growth?
Growth hormone.