Neo-Freudians
He described the main force in personality as striving for superiority; We start life as weak beings, spend life overcoming those feelings
Who is Alfred Adler?
He believed all ppl strive for self-actualization. Also developed the hierarchy of needs
Who is Abraham Maslow?
external conditions thought to influence personality
Theory that states that personality is a combination of learning, cognition, and the effects of social relationships
What is social learning theory?
A limitation where ppl tend to generalize a first impression to the entire personality
What is the Halo effect?
She rejected Frued's male-oriented view
We have basic anxiety - feelings of being isolated and helpless in a hostile world
Who is Karen Horney?
Temporary moments of self-actualization filled with harmony, pleasure, deep meaning
What are peak experiences?
They believed personality is made up of habits - learned behavior patterns
Who are John Dollard and Neal Miller?
He believed that YOU are the key to creating the desired result, NOT the environment
He also did the bo-bo doll experiment
This is the belief in your capacity to create a desired result
Who is Albert Bandura? What is self-efficacy?
Mode of assessing personality where the conversation flows freely OR topics are set and conversation is directed
What are unstructured interviews? Structure interviews?
Karen Horney said we have three modes of interaction which are:
- depending on others for love, support, friendship
- withdrawing from society, being independent
- attacking, competing with, trying to overpower others
What is moving towards, away, and against?
He developed the Self Theory.
These three selves together form personality.
Who is Carl Rogers?
What is the self-image, ideal self, and actual self?
any stimulus strong enough to make a person execute behavior
signals from the environment that guide the type of behavior done
the behavior that is executed
positive reinforcements received due to the response
What is drive, cue, response, and reward?
He came up with three things that make personality and drive behavior:
- how a person interprets/defines a situation
- anticipation of the effects of a behavior
- subjective value of activity/reinforcer
Who is Julian Rotter? What is psychological situation, expectancy, and reinforcement value?
A list of traits that needs to be evaluated
The action of recording the frequency of behaviors
Subject acts differently due to knowing they are observed
What is a rating scale? Behavior assessment? Observer effect?
This unconscious holds all the information and experiences and is shared by all people
AND
The psychologist who believed that a healthy personality is achieved by unity/harmony among conflicting archetypes
What is the collective unconscious?
Who is Carl Jung?
This personality type is when the three selves are similar to each other
This personality type is when the three selves are very different from each other
What is a congruent personality? Incongruent personality?
manipulative, associate ppl w/pleasure
OR
passive child, associate ppl w/frustration & discomfort
little concern over cleanliness/hygiene
OR
obsessed with cleanliness
What happens when a child is fed when it cries? Not fed?
What happens when a child goes through lenient toilet training? Strict training?
Useful in describing/comparing personalities
Does not explain the cause
AND
Exaggerates the influence of biological/sexual instincts
More useful in explaining behavior AFTER it happens
Cannot be used to predict behavior
Cannot be tested scientifically
What issues are there with trait theories? Psychoanalytic theories?
consistency in scores when test taken by same person
AND
actually measuring what it intends to measure
What is reliability? Validity?
The male archetype, the female archetype, and the public self
What is animus, anima, and the public self?
unshakable love and approval
only accepting/loving when child behaves certain way
internal standards used to judge own behavior
What is unconditional positive regard? Conditional positive regard? Conditions of worth?
child’s emotional attachment to an adult who provides love/care
a desire to act like the admired person
These two things help gender role socialization
What is identification and imitation?
Most tested out scientifically BUT little significance in temperament, emotions, thinking, subjective experience & evaluations
AND
Valued for being positive BUT difficult to measure and study scientifically
What are the issues of behaviorist theories? Humanistic theories?
This test measure desires, thoughts, wishes in the unconscious
This one shows inkblots
AND
This one shows 20 pictures
What are projective tests? What is the Rorschach test? Thematic Apperception Test?