10.1: Early Ideas About Evolution
10.2: Darwin's Observations
10.3: Theory of Natural Selection
10.4: Evidence of Evolution
10.5: Evolutionary Biology Today
100
A term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.
What is a species?
100
The term for "the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group."
What is variation?
100
For example, when scientists developed a new color of rose by controlling the mating of roses over many generations.
What is artificial selection?
100
The wings of an ostrich, or the pelvic bone of a whale or snake are examples of this.
What are vestigial structures?
100
The study of fossils or extinct organisms.
What is Paleontology?
200
The scientist that proposed that if an organism used a structure so much that it grew, the trait of that larger structure could be passed to its offspring.
Who is Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
200
Charles Darwin observed this in finch populations on the Galápagos Islands off the coast of South America?
What is variations in beak sizes on different islands?
200
The selective agent in natural selection.
What is the environment, or nature?
200
Structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin.
What are analogous structures?
200
The DNA sequences in two organisms that are closely related would be ___________________.
What is "very similar"?
300
The “present is the key to the past” describes this theory of geologic change
What is uniformitarianism?
300
Over time, adaptations can lead populations to experience a. environmental changes. b. genetic changes. c. geologic changes. d. extinctions.
What is "b. genetic changes."?
300
All the rabbits living in a particular area would be an example of a(n) a. population. b. species. c. fossil. d. individual organism.
What is "A) population"?
300
Scientists in this field study the early development of different organisms, including crab and barnacle larvae. The similarities they find indicate evolution from a distant common ancestor.
What is comparative embryology?
300
This molecular biology technique provides the strongest evidence for evolution and allows us to calculate exactly how closely related organisms are.
What is DNA sequence analysis?
400
A trace of an organism that existed in the past.
What is a fossil?
400
This discovery in Argentina suggested to Darwin that modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms.
What is the discovery of fossils of huge animals, including a giant armadillo.
400
A bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high a. life expectancy. b. mutation rate. c. fitness. d. adaptability.
What is "c) fitness"?
400
Features in organisms that share a common ancestor that have different functions, but similar structures.
What is "homologous structures"?
400
Evolution is considered to be one of the most important theories in science, because it a. was developed more than 100 years ago. b. is not supported by the fossil record. c. unites the fields of biology, geology, chemistry, and ecology. d. was discovered by Charles Darwin, a famous scientist.
What is "c. unites the fields of biology, geology, chemistry, and ecology."?
500
The theory of geologic change which states that landforms on Earth’s surface, such as mountains, waterfalls, and canyons, were created as the result of sudden spectacular events?
What is catastrophism?
500
This discovery high in the Andes Mountains led Darwin to conclude that great change can happen over long periods of time.
What is fossil shells of marine organisms?
500
Which of the following describes natural selection? a. It acts on genetic material directly. b. It acts on existing physical traits. c. It forms new traits. d. It forms new genetic material.
What is "b) It acts on existing physical traits."?
500
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n) a. close relative. b. early ancestor. c. unrelated organism. d. embryological stage.
What is "b) early ancestor."?
500
Gene sequences that no longer function but provided important evidence for evolution.
What are pseudogenes?
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