civil war
Which point of view on the cause of the Civil War would have been held by a Northern Republican?
A. Southern state governments had an obligation to secede once a majority of their voters had approved it.
B. Abolitionists caused the Civil War by placing the abolition of slavery ahead of the need to preserve the Union.
C. Those voters who elected Abraham Lincoln caused the war by ignoring the fears of many white Southerners.
D. Southern slaveholders were so devoted to the immoral system of slavery that they betrayed the nation to preserve this practice.
D. Southern slaveholders were so devoted to the immoral system of slavery that they betrayed the nation to preserve this practice.
What was a significant impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?
- A. Slaves in Northern states were freed.
- B. The war became a moral contest over slavery.
- C. Slaves in border states were immediately freed.
- D. African Americans were admitted into the Confederate army.
B. The war became a moral contest over slavery.
What was one impact of these issues on Republicans following the Civil War?
- A. They rejected the idea of creating a group of new African-American voters sympathetic to their party.
- B. They disagreed over whether the President or Congress should set conditions for Reconstruction.
- C. They agreed to let Southerners govern their own affairs without federal interference.
- D. They refused to treat the Southern states as conquered areas.
B. They disagreed over whether the President or Congress should set conditions for Reconstruction.
Which is the best contemporary definition of a "carpetbagger"?
- A. A Northern abolitionist who supported the Freedmen's Bureau
- B. A Northerner who came to the South after the Civil War
- C. A white Southerner who supported Reconstruction
- D. A freedman entitled to vote
B. A Northerner who came to the South after the Civil War
What was the main purpose of the reservation system?
- A. To make the new transcontinental railroad safer to operate
- B. To clear federal lands for settlement by railroads, ranchers, and farmers
- C. To provide employment for Union troops and veterans after the Civil War
- D. To make it easier for Indians to assimilate into mainstream American culture
B. To clear federal lands for settlement by railroads, ranchers, and farmers
The statement below is from the Supreme Court decision in *Dred Scott v. Sandford* (1857).
"We think… that [African Americans] are not included and are not intended to be included under the word 'citizen' in the Constitution."
How did this decision contribute to the outbreak of the Civil War four years later?
A. It destroyed existing compromises that had kept the nation together despite differences over slavery.
B. It helped abolitionists in their campaign to challenge the Fugitive Slave Law.
C. It led enslaved African Americans to rebel in major Southern cities.
D. It resolved the issue of the extension of slavery in new western territories.
A. It destroyed existing compromises that had kept the nation together despite differences over slavery.
What were the major consequences of the Civil War?
- A. Recognition of the rights of states to leave the Union and to nullify federal laws
- B. The end of slavery and a strengthening of the power of the federal government
- C. An end to racial discrimination and establishment of social equality throughout the nation
- D. The abolition of slavery in all Northern states and in all federal territories north of 36°30' N
B. The end of slavery and a strengthening of the power of the federal government
What was an immediate effect of the changes described above, which were implemented by Congressional Reconstruction?
- A. The citizenship rights of African Americans were withheld.
- B. The balance of power in Southern state governments shifted.
- C. Northern and Southern whites were reconciled more quickly.
- D. Confederate leaders automatically regained their confiscated properties.
B. The balance of power in Southern state governments shifted.
What was a positive long-term impact of Radical Reconstruction on the South?
- A. Women were given the right to vote.
- B. Confederate leaders never again held elected office.
- C. Public education systems were established for students of all races.
- D. The South remained divided into five districts governed by martial law.
C. Public education systems were established for students of all races.
In the late 1800s, how did farmers challenge the unfair rates charged by railroads monopolies controlling transportation routes?
- A. By filing lawsuits in federal courts
- B. By establishing the first national labor union
- C. By passing Granger laws in state legislatures
- D. By proposing the Sherman Antitrust Act in Congress
C. By passing Granger laws in state legislatures
Stephen Douglas delivered the speech below in Illinois in October 1858.
"The next question… is can the people of a Territory in any lawful way… exclude slavery from their limits… [I]n my opinion, the Supreme Court may hereafter decide… for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere unless it is supported by the local police regulations. Those police regulations can only be established by the local legislature…"
Which of the following did Stephen Douglas support in this speech?
A. Wilmot Proviso
B. Ostend Manifesto
C. Freeport Doctrine
D. Dred Scott decision
C. Freeport Doctrine
Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War?
- A. Southerners feared that Northerners intended to abolish slavery.
- B. Southern states wanted a free hand in suppressing local slave revolts.
- C. The *Dred Scott* decision led Northern state officials to defy federal law.
- D. Northerners opposed the shipment of Southern cotton to Great Britain.
A. Southerners feared that Northerners intended to abolish slavery.
Which amendment guaranteed the "equal protection" of the laws to all American citizens, including formerly enslaved individuals?
- A. 1st Amendment
- B. 13th Amendment
- C. 14th Amendment
- D. 15th Amendment
C. 14th Amendment
What was an important effect of the sharecropping system and debt peonage?
- A. Freedmen achieved social and political equality in the South.
- B. Freedmen played an important role in local and state government.
- C. Freedmen achieved economic independence from their former masters.
- D. Freedmen often remained in a state of economic dependence on their former masters.
D. Freedmen often remained in a state of economic dependence on their former masters.
What was a negative aspect of the "Americanization" policy introduced by the Dawes Act (1887) for American Indians?
- A. Indians attended reservation schools and learned a trade.
- B. Indians could own and farm 160 acres of their own land.
- C. Indians learned English and could gain the right to vote.
- D. Indians saw the survival of their traditional cultures threatened.
D. Indians saw the survival of their traditional cultures threatened.
The excerpt below is from a letter by General Winfield Scott written in 1861.
"The Anaconda Plan"
"[S]o as to envelop the insurgent States and bring them to terms, with less bloodshed than by any other plan."
What was the main objective of the plan described in General Scott's letter?
A. To attack and bring under control a few key Southern cities
B. To disrupt Southern supply lines by controlling the railroad junctions in the South
C. To sign treaties with Britain and France to prevent them from assisting Southern ports
D. To suffocate the South by controlling the Mississippi River and the Southern ports
D. To suffocate the South by controlling the Mississippi River and the Southern ports
The excerpt below is from a recent history of the Civil War.
*"What were the rights and liberties for which Confederates contended? The right to own slaves; the liberty to take this property into the territories; freedom from the coercive powers of a centralized government."*
—James McPherson, The Battle Cry of Freedom
What contradiction does this Civil War historian find in the secession of the Southern states?
- A. Confederates were outnumbered by Northerners.
- B. Confederates demanded the freedom to enslave others.
- C. Confederates believed that states had the right to leave the Union.
- D. Confederates felt that slaves were better treated than Northern factory workers.
B. Confederates demanded the freedom to enslave others.
The statement below was by Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican.*"If [African-American] suffrage is excluded in the rebel states, then every one of them is sure to send a [Democratic] representation to Congress and pass a solid [Democratic] electoral vote [for President]."*
What reason did Stevens give in this statement for granting voting rights to African Americans?
- A. African Americans deserved to vote after contributing their unpaid labor for centuries.
- B. Democrats and Republicans were in agreement on the fairness of letting all races vote.
- C. Republicans must offer voting rights to freedmen before Southern Democrats do.
D. Black voters would help Republicans to maintain control of the Congress and Presidency.
D. Black voters would help Republicans to maintain control of the Congress and Presidency.
The excerpt below is from the Florida State Legislature, 1890s.
"Section 1. It shall be a penal offense for any individual, body, corporation or association to conduct within this State any school of any grade, public, private or parochial wherein white persons and negroes shall be instructed in the same building, or taught in the same class, or at the same time by the same teachers."
*—Florida State Legislature, 1890s*
How did this law influence conditions for African Americans in Florida?
- A. Schools for African-American children received fewer resources than schools for white children.
- B. African-American adults were permitted to attend night school to improve their literacy skills.
- C. African Americans were given the right to attend free public schools in Florida for the first time.
- D. African-American parents who opposed racial segregation sent their children to private schools.
A. Schools for African-American children received fewer resources than schools for white children.
Why did the Populists believe this part of their platform would help them solve their problems?
- A. They felt railroad companies were charging them too much for short hauls.
- B. They thought this step would lead to price inflation and make it easier to pay their debts.
- C. They hoped that silver coinage would make it easier for sharecroppers to divide their crops.
- D. They believed more silver coinage would enable them to buy more manufactured goods from the North.
5. The cartoon below, showing an Indian and a federal agent, was published in the late 1800s.
B. They thought this step would lead to price inflation and make it easier to pay their debts.
Why did the Union impose a naval blockade on the South during the Civil War?
- A. To promote domestic industries in the South
- B. To strangle the shipment of supplies to the South
- C. To motivate enslaved African Americans to migrate to the Confederacy
- D. To encourage Union sympathizers to persuade their states to rejoin the Union
B. To strangle the shipment of supplies to the South
Which statement expresses the viewpoint of the artist in the cartoon above?
- A. Farm life is healthier than city living.
- B. Slavery is a moral evil that should be abolished.
- C. Factory owners should use slave labor in factories.
- D. Southern slaves are better treated than factory workers.
B. Slavery is a moral evil that should be abolished.
What impact did Radical Republicans in Congress have on Reconstruction?
- A. They opposed the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.
- B. They encouraged the freedmen to exercise their new political rights.
- C. They persuaded President Johnson to pardon former Confederate leaders.
- D. They prevented President Johnson from sending federal troops to the South.
B. They encouraged the freedmen to exercise their new political rights.
The excerpt below is from the Supreme Court's decision in *Plessy v. Ferguson* (1896).
"Laws permitting, or even requiring, the separation of the races do not place a badge of inferiority upon one group over another. Thus it is not a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment."
What practice did this ruling uphold?
- A. Job training for freedmen
- B. Free public schooling for all races
- C. Racial segregation by Jim Crow laws
- D. African-American participation in politics
C. Racial segregation by Jim Crow laws
How did the Dawes Act (1887) mark a departure from earlier federal Indian policy?
- A. It led to conflicts between new settlers and Indian tribes on the Great Plains.
- B. It moved Indian tribes still on the Great Plains to reservations farther west.
- C. It permitted Indians to withdraw private plots from the tribal reservation.
- D. It encouraged the shooting of buffalo herds from new railroad lines.
C. It permitted Indians to withdraw private plots from the tribal reservation.