Stress
What are efforts to deal with stress called?
Coping Strategies
What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood?
a. Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal for a child of a different age.
b. The dividing line between childhood and adolescence has been arbitrarily drawn.
c. Most psychological disorders in the young have an identifiable environmental cause.
d. Drugs are not effective in treating the disorders most commonly seen in children.
a. Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal for a child of a different age.
Prenatal exposure to __________ is related to depression in children.
a. marijuana
b. protein
c. alcohol
d. allergens
c. alcohol
31. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is __________.
a. commonly diagnosed after age 15
b. more frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents than other disorders are
c. seen equally in boys and girls
d. thought to occur in about 15 percent of school-aged children
b. more frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents than other disorders are
The hallmark symptom of autism is __________.
a. lack of language
b. lack of interest in other people
c. intellectual disability
d. strange behaviors
b. lack of interest in other people
Individual characteristics that have been identified as improving a person’s ability to handle life stress include
higher levels of optimism, greater psychological control or mastery, increased self-esteem, and better social support.
What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed?
a. The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children.
b. Few childhood disorders had been identified.
c. The role of parents in the development of disordered behavior was overemphasized.
d. There was a hesitancy to identify childhood disorders because parents were likely to be blamed for any diagnosis given.
a. The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children.
. In order of diagnosis, __________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as __________ occurs before conduct disorder.
a. oppositional defiant disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. conduct disorder; oppositional defiant disorder
c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; oppositional defiant disorder
d. conduct disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. conduct disorder; oppositional defiant disorder
Most cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults are characterized by __________ rather than __________.
a. inattention; hyperactivity
b. hyperactivity; inattention
c. anxiety; hyperactivity
d. anxiety; inattention
inattention; hyperactivity
Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children?
a. They have no emotions.
b. They lack the ability to pick up on social cues.
c. They have a neurological impairment—they can feel but not show emotions.
d. It is due to immaturity–they will show more emotion as they get older.
b. They lack the ability to pick up on social cues.
person’s ability to withstand stress without becoming severely impaired.
Stress tolerance
Among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are __________.
a. anxiety disorders
b. psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia
c. depression and phobic conditions
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder and conduct disorder
a. anxiety disorders
A treatment strategy for children with conduct disorder, the cohesive family model __________.
a. focuses on how the child’s behavior elicits negative responses from other family members
b. proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child’s problematic behavior
c. teaches the child basic moral lessons
d. combines punitive and therapeutic interventions
proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child’s problematic behavior
Currently, the cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is believed to be __________.
a. a combination of family pathology and poor peer modeling
b. excessive sugar in the diet
c. an allergic reaction to certain foods and food additives
d. both genetic and social-environmental factors
d. both genetic and social-environmental factors
. Tics are __________ that may go unnoticed by the person doing them.
a. persistent, intermittent muscle twitches or spasms
b. involuntary shoutings of curse words
c. intrusive thoughts
d. rude or aggressive hand gestures
a. persistent, intermittent muscle twitches or spasms
a term used to refer to times when a stressful situation threatens to exceed, or does exceed, the adaptive capacities of a person or a group.
Crisis
Separation anxiety disorder is best illustrated by which of the following individuals?
a. Terrell, who is fiercely independent of other children and his parents
b. Rylie, who refuses to talk to her teachers and adults other than her parents
c. Ida, who worries that her kitten will die if she is not near her
d. Jerome, who is afraid that he will be beaten by bullies at school
Ida, who worries that her kitten will die if she is not near her
Drugs used to treat enuresis, such as imipramine, are thought to __________, although the mechanism is unclear.
a. alleviate the anxiety that leads to poor bladder control
b. increase water retention
c. inhibit reflexive bladder emptying
d. decrease the deepest stage of sleep
d. decrease the deepest stage of sleep
The evidence suggests that medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder __________.
a. work well over the short term, but the long-term effects are not well-known
b. work well over both the short and long term
c. really don’t work at all; what is seen is due to the placebo effect
d. only work for children who have had the diagnosis for at least two years
a. work well over the short term, but the long-term effects are not well-known
__________ are delays in cognitive development in the areas of language, speech, mathematical, or motor skills that are not necessarily due to any demonstrable physical or neurological defect.
a. Neurodevelopmental disorders
b. Symptom disorders
c. Conduct disorders
d. Learning disabilities
d. Learning disabilities
Healthy psychological and physical functioning after a potentially traumatic event is...
Resilience
The most common childhood anxiety disorder is __________.
a. selective mutism
b. depression
c. generalized anxiety disorder
d. specific phobias
d. specific phobias
What has been found to be the most effective approach to the treatment of enuresis?
a. Behavioral conditioning alone
b. Behavioral conditioning combined with desmopressin
c. Intranasal desmopressin (DDAVP) alone
d. Imipramine combined with an anti-anxiety medication such as Xanax
b. Behavioral conditioning combined with desmopressin
__________ is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a wide range of problematic behaviors, including deficits in language and perceptual and motor development; defective reality testing; and impairments in social communication.
a. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. Autism spectrum disorder
c. Oppositional defiant disorder
d. Social anxiety disorder
b. Autism spectrum disorder
. The incidence of Down syndrome increases __________.
a. when the mother drinks heavily during pregnancy
b. if the father is extremely young
c. as the age of the parents increases
d. when the mother is exposed to lead during pregnancy
c. as the age of the parents increases