Eye Anatomy
Retina
Rods
Optics
Random
100
What does the ciliary body have hanging off its ciliary processes and attached to the lens?
ciliary zonules/suspensory ligaments
100
What is the correct order of the layers of the eye including the retina?
retina-->choroid-->sclera
100
What type of light do rods detect?
dim light because they are sensitive to bright light
100
What structure has the primary job of refracting light?
lens
100
How do the inner segments connect to the cell bodies of rods?
via an outer fiber
200
Where do we find the most cones in the eye?
fovea centralis
200
Where are the photoreceptors embedded?
outermost pigmented layer of retina
200
What happens to rhodopsin when it absorbs light?
It changes from 11-cis to all-trans retinal
200
What is the position of the image that lands in the primary visual cortex?
upside down mirror image
200
How do the inner segments connect to the cell bodies of cones?
via a direct connection
300
What division of the ANS controls the sphincter pupillae muscle?
the parasympathetic division
300
What part of the neural layer forms the optic nerve?
axons of ganglion cells in the innermost layer of the retina
300
What ion channels close as a result of light-activated rhodopsin?
cGMP gated Na+ and Ca+ channels
300
What is the purpose of accommodation?
when the lens becomes more convex/"chubby" to increase refractory power.
300
How are we able to perceive a variety of colors?
blending of photoreceptor stimulus
400
what supports the shape and structure of the eye?
vitreous humor
400
What wavelengths do cones respond to?
Red, blue, and green; each cone is specific to one wavelength
400
What G-protein is activated by rhodopsin during phototransduction?
Transducin
400
What are some other adjustments besides accommodation of the lens?
pupil constriction and medial convergence
400
in the dark, rods release _______ onto___________
glutamate onto bipolar cells
500
What causes the increase of intraocular pressure in glaucoma?
Aqueous humor flowing out of the anterior chamber back into the posterior segment
500
How many bipolar cells are cones connected to?
only one which is what gives them such visual acuity (area being stimulated is more specific)
500
Under what conditions are rods hyperpolarized v, depolarized?
Hyperpolarized in light conditions v depolarized in dark conditions
500
How is accommodation physically achieved?
the ciliary muscle contracts and tension on the zonules decreases.
500
stimulation of bipolar cells lead to what?
inhibitory post synaptic potential
