Indus River Valley
What major river helped support early civilizations in ancient India and Pakistan?
The Indus River
Who founded Buddhism and later became known as the Enlightened One?
Who founded Buddhism and later became known as the Enlightened One?
What major river, also called the Yellow River, supported the development of early Chinese civilization?
The Huang He River.
What is a series of rulers from the same family called?
A dynasty.
Which Chinese philosophy teaches that people should live simply and in harmony with nature?
Daoism
What farming method used canals to bring water to crops in the Indus Valley?
Irrigation
What is the Hindu belief that a person's soul is reborn in another form after death?
Reincarnation
What fine, fertile soil gave the Yellow River its yellow color and helped Chinese farmers grow crops?
Loess
Which early Chinese dynasty ruled from approximately 1650 to 1046 BCE?
The Shang Dynasty.
Which Chinese philosophy emphasizes respect for parents and elders, education, and strong family relationships?
Answer: Confucianism.
Which Indo-European people migrated into India around 1750 BCE and helped establish the Vedic Age?
The Aryans.
What Hindu concept refers to a person's actions and their consequences, which influence future rebirths?
Karma
What valuable fabric did ancient China produce from silkworm cocoons and trade with other civilizations?
Silk.
Which Chinese dynasty replaced the Shang and became the longest-ruling dynasty in Chinese history?
The Zhou Dynasty.
Which Chinese philosophy believed that strict laws, harsh punishments, and a powerful government were necessary to maintain order?
Legalism.
What were the four major social classes of Aryan society, from highest to lowest?
What were the four major social classes of Aryan society, from highest to lowest?
What ancient Indian scriptures were written in Sanskrit and became important to Hinduism?
The Vedas.
What were oracle bones, and how were they used in ancient China?
Answer: Animal bones; people interpreted the cracks/writing to seek guidance from ancestors or gods.
What was the Mandate of Heaven?
The belief that heaven granted rulers the right to govern, but could take away that right if they ruled poorly.
According to Confucius, how should rulers behave to create an orderly society?
They should be honest, rule fairly, act with integrity, and set a good example for their people.
How did the Aryan social structure influence the development of Hindu society/What is the name of the Hindu Social belief system that resulted?
Its four social classes, originally organized around occupations and roles, helped form the Hindu caste system.
What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism mainly trying to explain?
Life involves suffering; suffering is caused by desire; ending desire can end suffering; and following the Middle Path leads toward ending suffering.
How did mountains and deserts influence the development of ancient Chinese civilization?
They acted as natural barriers that limited contact with outsiders, helping China develop a distinct culture and traditions.
According to the dynastic cycle, how could a corrupt ruler lose power and a new dynasty justify taking control?
A corrupt or ineffective ruler could lose the Mandate of Heaven. Rebellion and the rise of a new dynasty were seen as signs that heaven had transferred its approval.
How did Confucianism and Legalism differ in their approaches to maintaining order in society?
Confucianism emphasized moral leadership, education, and respect, while Legalism emphasized strict laws, powerful government, and harsh punishments.