Elements
What elements are necessary in the body, but are rare?
Trace Elements
What are ions?
Gain or lose electrons
Define Molecules, Compounds, and Isomers.
Molecules- 1+ atom
Compounds- 2+ different elements
Isomers- same molecular weight with a different arrangement of atoms
What are mixtures and what are some characteristics of mixtures?
physically blended but not chemically combined
each substance retains its own chemical properties; mixtures are super common in the body and are typically chemicals dissolved in the body
What is blood?
A. solution
B. colloid
C. suspension
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
How many elements make up 98.5% of your body weight and what are they?
6; Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Calcium
Determine the difference between cation and anion and define the octect rule.
Cation- pos. charge from electron loss
Anion- neg. charge from electron gain
Octet rule- 8 electores in outershell; big reason for ionization
Define Ionic VS. Covalent bonds
Ionic- attraction of cation to an anion; weak and disassociate in presence of something more atractivo (water)
Covalent- strongest type; atoms sharing a pair of electrons (usually to meet octect rule)
What gives water its properties and what are the properties?
polarity gives water properties
cohesion, adhesion, thermal stability (maintains temperature), solvency, and chemical reactivity
If you dissolved 1 mole NaCl and 1 mole CaCl2 in a
liter of water, what would be the equivalent of
chloride in the solution (assuming everything
disassociated completely)?
A. 1 Eq/L Cl
B.2 Eq/L Cl
C.3 Eq/L Cl
D.4 Eq/L C
C. 3 Eq/L Cl
Name all of the following:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
+1 Charge
0 Charge
-1 Charge
Number of protons
Number of protons+neutrons
How do ions attract?
Follow each other around and attract opposites
What can result in polar molecules?
In polar molecules what is the difference between adhesive and cohesive?
Differences in electronegativity between atoas of covalent bonds
Cohesive stick together; Adhesive stick to other stuff
Mixtures in water are classified as what three categories?
solutions, colloids, and suspensions
Which is NOT true about saturated fats?
A.They pack more densely than unsaturated fats.
B.They contain more C-H bonds than unsaturated fats.
C.They are a type of polysaccharide.
D.They are made of a glycerol attached to 3 fatty acid tails
B. They contain more C-H bonds than unsaturated fats
What is the difference between isotopes and radioisotopes?
Isotopes- atoms that differ in neutro number (all act the same; the more neutrons the element has, the more rare it is)
Radioisotopes- instable and decay, releasing ionizing radiation
Electrolytes are what?
Substances that ionize in water
Ex: CaCl, NaCl, KCl
What is Van der Waals forces?
occur between neutral atoms by momentary non-uniform distribution of electrons in orbits
What is the difference between solutions, colloids, and suspension?
solution- transparent (doesn't scatter light), too small to settle: ex- ocean water
colloids- opaque (scatters light), too small to settle: ex- milk
suspension- opaque, separate on standing: ex- dirty water
If you were to completely denature the
quaternary, tertiary, and secondary structure of
a protein, what would you be left with?
A.Amino acids not connected together.
B.Polypeptides.
C.Alpha helixes and beta sheets.
D.Many monomers
A. amino acids not connected together
What is the difference between Physical and Biological half life?
Physical- how long it takes to decay
Biological- how long it takes the body to get red of it
What is electronegativity and how does it change on a periodic table?
How strong an atoa attracts it
Stronger up the periodic table and stronger to the right of the periodic table
What are some characteristics of Van der Waals forces?
Cause brief polarities and very week individually, but significant in abundance
What is emulsion?
suspension of one liquid in another
What does a protein NOT do?
insulate organs