Rhythm Review (Cardiac Dysrhythmias)
This node is the heart’s primary pacemaker, typically generating impulses between 60 and 100 beats per minute
What is the Sinoatrial (SA) node?
The SA node is the heart’s primary pacemaker, typically generating electrical impulses at a rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute
his acute complication of diabetes involves uncontrolled hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and the production of ketones.
What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
DKA is characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased ketone production
An increase in this vital sign is often the very first indicator that a patient is entering hypovolemic shock
What is an increased heart rate? In hypovolemic shock, an increase in heart rate is typically the first sign that mean arterial pressure (MAP) is decreasing
This "tearing" or "ripping" sensation in the chest or back often indicates this highly lethal emergency where blood enters the aortic wall.
What is aortic dissection?
This is a highly lethal emergency where blood enters the aortic wall through a sudden tear, often causing a "tearing" or "ripping" sensation
This anatomical location (the right atrium) is used as the reference point for zeroing and leveling pressure monitoring transducers.
What is the phlebostatic axis?
The phlebostatic axis, which represents the location of the right atrium, is used as the reference point for zeroing and leveling transducers
Characterized by electrical chaos in the ventricles, this rhythm produces no cardiac output or perfusion and requires immediate defibrillation.
What is Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
V-fib is the result of electrical chaos in the ventricles, producing no ventricular contraction, no cardiac output, and no perfusion
In this "dry" condition, a deficiency of ADH leads to the excretion of massive amounts of very dilute urine and extreme thirst.
What is Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
DI is a water metabolism problem caused by an ADH deficiency, leading to the excretion of large amounts of very dilute urine and extreme thirst
This specific type of shock occurs when the heart's contractility is decreased and the "pump" is no longer effective, often following an MI.
What is cardiogenic shock?
This type of shock occurs when the heart's contractility is decreased and the "pump" is no longer effective, often following a myocardial infarction
Beck’s Triad—hypotension, JVD, and muffled heart sounds—is the classic clinical presentation for this obstructive emergency.
What is cardiac tamponade?
Beck’s Triad—hypotension, JVD, and muffled heart sounds—indicates this obstructive medical emergency
This hemodynamic value measures "preload" or right atrial pressure, with a normal range of 1 to 8 mmHg.
What is Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?
CVP measures preload and right atrial pressure, with a normal range of 1 to 8 mmHg
These "mechanical" interventions, such as the Valsalva maneuver or carotid massage, are used to treat Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
What are Vagal maneuvers?
Vagal maneuvers, such as carotid massage and Valsalva maneuvers, are interventions used to treat Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
A profound hypometabolic state and medical emergency resulting from untreated or severe hypothyroidism.
What is Myxedema coma?
This is a profound hypometabolic state and medical emergency resulting from severe hypothyroidism
According to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, this "bundle" of interventions (including lactate measurement and blood cultures) should be completed within this many hours.
What is one hour?
According to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, the standard "care bundle" of interventions should be completed within 1 hour
This is the primary factor in the development of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).
What is atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is the primary factor in the development of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
When this "wedge" pressure exceeds 18 mmHg, it typically indicates cardiogenic pulmonary edem
What is cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
When Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) exceeds 18 mmHg, it typically defines this condition
This electrolyte is the drug treatment of choice for a patient in Torsades de pointes.
What is Magnesium sulfate?
Magnesium sulfate is the drug treatment of choice for a patient in Torsades de pointes
During this stage of shock, vital organs develop hypoxia and the MAP has sustained a decrease of more than 20 mmHg from baseline
What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
SIADH occurs when ADH is secreted even when plasma osmolarity is low, leading to fluid overload and dilutional hyponatremia
During this stage of shock, vital organs develop hypoxia and the MAP has sustained a decrease of more than 20 mmHg from baseline.
What is the progressive stage?
During the progressive stage of shock, vital organs develop hypoxia and the MAP has sustained a decrease of more than 20 mmHg from baseline
This "eggshell" appearing mass on an X-ray is often a common site for localized dilation between the renal arteries and aortic bifurcation
What is an aneurysm?
Central artery aneurysms can appear as an "eggshell" on an X-ray and commonly occur in the abdominal aorta between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation
This external vest detects ventricular dysrhythmias and can defibrillate patients who are at risk for sudden cardiac death but ineligible for an ICD.
What is a Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (WCD)?
This is an external vest that detects ventricular dysrhythmias and can defibrillate patients at risk for sudden cardiac death
To estimate a patient's ventricular rate on an ECG, count these complexes in a 6-second strip and multiply by 10.
What are QRS complexes?
To estimate the ventricular rate, you count the QRS complexes in a 6-second strip and multiply by 10
This syndrome involves a sequence of cell damage caused by toxic metabolites that first impacts the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys.
What is a Thyroid storm?
This rare, life-threatening event is a progression of hyperthyroidism characterized by high fever and tachycardia
This syndrome involves a sequence of cell damage caused by toxic metabolites that first impacts the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys.
What is Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)?
MODS involves a sequence of cell damage caused by a massive release of toxic metabolites and enzymes that first impacts the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys
This procedure involves positioning a balloon-tipped catheter in an artery and inflating it to flatten plaque against the wall.
What is Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)?
PCI is a procedure where a balloon-tipped catheter is positioned in an artery and inflated to flatten plaque against the wall
This device improves coronary perfusion by inflating during diastole and reduces afterload by deflating just before systole
What is an Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)?
The IABP improves coronary perfusion by inflating during diastole and reduces afterload by deflating just before systole