Unique Nature of Pure Water
Seawater is primarily water and salt
What is about 99.5%?
Fundamental properties that are different in the ocean than on land
What are light level, pressure, and transmission of light and sound?
A chemical property found in seawater
What is salinity?
Affects the chemistry of the ocean
What are rising CO2 levels?
First layer and known as the Sunlight Zone
What is the Epipelagic Zone?
Two or more atoms bonded chemically
What are molecules?
Used to measure water clarity
What is a secchi disk?
85% of the ions of salt composition
What is sodium and chloride?
How often does about 30% of the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere reach the ocean?
What is each year?
Has no plants because there is not enough sunlight
What is the mesopelagic zone?
Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen chemically bonded together
What is oxygen?
Penetrates the deepest while the other colors are absorbed
What is blue light?
Ions that come from volcanoes and hydrothermal vents
What are sulfides and chlorides?
The average pH of the ocean
What is 8.0-8.3?
The only light produced here is bioluminescent animals
What is the bathypelagic zone?
Near hydrogen atoms; around the oxygen atom
Where are positive charges; where are negative charges?
Is transparent and sunlight can penetrate the surface (crucial for photosynthetic organisms)
What is water?
It distinguishes it from freshwater habitats
What are the chemical properties of seawater?
When the pH of the ocean is dropping and the ocean is becoming less alkaline
What is ocean acidification?
Conditions are dark and temperature cold, the largest environment on Earth
What is the Abyssopelagic zone?
Attraction of one water molecule to another
What is hydrogen bonding?
At about 1000 m that is all that remains
What is darkness?
A certain number of ions that is more than 99% of the material dissolved in seawater
What is six ions?
Organisms at most risk of ocean acidification
What are shells, skeletons, and other structures made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?
The Mariana Trench is the deepest place on Earth and it is known as the Trenches
What is the Hadalpelagic zone?