Physical Growth & Nature vs. Nurture
How many times do babies weight go up in the first year.
They ripples their weight in the first year.
In the brain what is the most fully developed part? and what are they responsible for?
Most fully developed parts are Midbrain and the Medulla (Responsible for heartbeat, sleep and walking)
What are the three groups of Motor skills?
1. Locomotor skills= gross motor skills i.e crawling
2. Non-Locomotor skills= Controlling head movements, Interact with people and objects.
3. Fine motor skills/manipulative skills= 1 year old staking blocks.
What is Malnutrition? What can it lead to?
Little calorie consumption and vitamin/mineral deficiency. It can lead to anemic hinder social/language development.
What is it called when a childs response depends on one's specific experience?
What is intermodal perception?
Perceptual Software
Ability of babies to learn something through one sense and transfer it to another sense.
What is to be said about a toddlers height for ages 2-females and 2 1/2-males? What percentage does their length increase by?
Toddlers are as tall as will be in adulthood. Length increases by 50%.
What is the least developed in the brain? And what is it involved in?
The least developed is the cortex it's convoluted grey matter which is involved in perception, Body movement, thinking/language.
What is the developmental milestone of a 1 month year old?
lifts head slightly, follows with eyes.
What is Maramus? What can it result in?
Severe calorie deficit (less then 60%) it can result in permanent neurologic damage.
What is Habituation?
The process of getting use to a stimulus.
Nature: Before birth, genes daily direct basic wiring patterns.
Nurture: After birth- sights, sound, smells, touches, language and eye contact shapes brain neural connection.
Describe Synaptic Development. Describe how synaptogenesis occurs and what how it results.
Describe synaptic pruning.
creation of synapse or connections that occur between neutrons.
Synaptogenesis is occurs rapidly during the first two years of a childs life. It results from growth of dendrites & Axons. Synapse occurs rapidly in the cortex.
Synaptic pruning is when pathways/connections that are redundant are removed. Efficient pathways are retained.
What is the developmental milestone of a 7-9 month old?
Sits without support.
What is kwashikor? What can it result in?
It is not enough protein consumption. It can result in permanent brain damage.
What is Dishabituation? and what is the experiment done on it?
showing renewed interest in another or new stimulus. i.e showing a picture of a baby to a baby and then secondly showing a picture of a baby to the baby and showing them a picture of an elderly man. The baby looks at the new picture longer.
Describe the behavioural states of crying and colic.
Crying: Has a different cry for angry, hungry and pain.
Colic: Crying for 3 or more hours a day constant, nothing helps the baby, usually from 2-4 weeks old till 3-4 months old.
What is Mylenization important for? and what is it's process?
Important in neuronal development. Process of developing a sheath around the axon. Rapid growth in during the first 2 years.
What is the development milestone of a 2-3 month old?
Begins swiping at objects.
What are the two results of malnutrition?
1. physical
2. cognitive
What is depth perception?
Depth perception is when you have the ability to judge the distance of of an object. The ability to judge how far something is develops slowly within the first year.
Describe Non-organic failure to thrive what is the deficits and what is Sudden death syndrome.
Non-organic failure to thrive: Lack of effection towards the child has cognitive deficits.
Sudden-Death Syndrome: Unexpected death of a healthy infant happens when born till about 1 year old. It's unknown why it happens.
What is the period of greatest plasticity?
What is the long-lasting effect on during the period of vulnerability?
neurons can be realigned unlike adulthood where they can't. reorganize neural pathways and connections, flexible/resilient results in the ability to find compensatory pathways.
On cognitive ability.
What is the developmental milestone of of a 4-6 month old?
Sits with support and rolls over.
What is Physical malnutrition?
What is cognitive malnutrition?
Results may be indistinguishable.
Lower scores on intelligence, hard time keeping focused, gets tired easily, more wary, inattentive, potential brain damage.
What is the experiment of depth perception? What does depth perception require?
It requires integration of visual information from both eyes at the same time. It comes by practicing moving from different objects.