Mix Category 1
Sociologists believe that socialization begins when a child _____.
a. can distinguish the “I “from the “me.”
b. is born.
c. is still in the womb.
d. can describe the norms and values of society.
Ans: b. is born.
____ refers to the lifelong process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of society, including how to behave and interact with others in various social settings.
a. Human nature b. Role strain
c. Social construction
d. Socialization
Ans: d. Socialization
What have sociologists concluded by studying children who have experienced long periods of isolation?
a. Biology (nature) is more important than the social environment (nurture).
b. The social environment (nurture) is more important than biology (nature).
c. Human nature is the result of a complex relationship between nature and nurture.
d. A lack of discipline in early childhood leads to long-term physical and mental problems.
Ans: c. Human nature is the result of a complex relationship between nature and nurture.
____ include individuals and groups who help shape an individual’s orientation to life, self-concepts, emotions, values, attitudes, and behaviors.
a. Agents of socialization. b. Generalized others
c. Role models. d. Significant others
Ans: a. Agents of socialization.
According to the authors, adolescents tend to learn the most information on dating from ___.
a. the internet.
b. their parents.
c. their peers.
d. their school curriculum.
ans: c. their peers.
According to sociologist Annette Lareau, parents from different social classes socialize their children differently. Which statement best describes the differences that she found in her research?
a. Middle-class parents are more likely to structure their children’s leisure time with formal activities; working-class parents leave it up to the kids to decide how they want to structure their free time.
b. Middle-class parents give more opportunity for kids to do what they want; working-class parents mandate more structured activities.
c. Middle-class parents value obedience over independent thinking; working-class kids are taught to use logic and reason to support their choices.
d.Middle-class parents use spanking as a form of punishment; working-class parents use time-outs as a form of punishment.
Ans: a. Middle-class parents are more likely to structure their children’s leisure time with formal activities; working-class parents leave it up to the kids to decide how they want to structure their free time.
Researchers studied the effect of television viewing on political values and behavior in Italian rural areas. They found that older viewers were more likely to have populist viewpoints and be angrier in their voting trends when exposed to television channels that featured less news and more entertainment. What is the best statement that describes what this trend illustrates?
a. Older people become naturally angrier as they age. b. People are continually socialized throughout their lives by their social environments (i.e., the media and peers). c. Trash television has a negative impact on all people, regardless of age.
d. People attach more meaning to the media they consume than their community.
Ans: b. People are continually socialized throughout their lives by their social environments (i.e., the media and peers).
Bart recently moved to a new neighborhood and started hanging out with the other teenagers there. His new friends are a mischievous crowd, and Bart has started exhibiting similar behaviors. He is now smoking, drinking alcohol, and engaging in other risky behaviors with his new social circle. The sociological explanation for such conformity is called _____.
a. dramaturgical theory.
b. peer pressure.
c. role strain.
d. socialization.
Ans: b. peer pressure.
John has a paper due in his sociology class, a test in his astronomy class, and field notes due in his anthropology class this week. On top of this, he needs to meet with his adviser to plan his schedule for the next academic term. John feels stressed with all his responsibilities as a student. He is experiencing _____.
a. re-socialization.
b. peer pressure.
c. role conflict.
d. role strain.
Ans: d. role strain.
For most people, at what point in life does the socialization process end?
a. around the end of adolescence, once they are no longer teenagers
b. around the mid-twenties, once they are fully mature adults
c. when they have children and become socialized into parenthood
d. never, because people’s continuously changing social environments constantly shape them as they transition through life stages
ans: d. never, because people’s continuously changing social environments constantly shape them as they transition through life stages
Expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupants of a particular status are called ____.
a. folkways.
b. identities.
c. roles.
d. status sets.
Ans: c. roles.
Most people occupy many statuses at a particular point in time (e.g., student, son or daughter, employee, citizen). This collection of statuses is known as the
a. achieved status.
b. master status.
c. total status.
d. status set.
Ans: d. status set.
Because military boot camps and prisons are places that control all the basic elements of people’s day-to-day lives, they are known as ____.
a. ascribed statuses.
b. backstages.
c. front stages.
d. total institutions.
Ans: d. total institutions.
Diwa was an ER nurse working in a busy city hospital. During a COVID surge, Diwa was responsible for providing professional, high-quality care to her patients throughout her shift. Privately, she was worried about getting sick and possibly spreading COVID to her friends and family. Which best describes what Diwa was experiencing?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. saving face
d. status set
Ans: a. role conflict
Andy is a sociology professor at her local college. She’s teaching four classes this semester, editing a new book with her colleagues, and serving on several academic committees. Andy is stressed from these demands. What is she most likely experiencing?
a. role conflict b. role strain c. master status
d. status set
Ans: b. role strain
A(n) ____ status is one within a set that overshadows all other statuses.
a. achieved
b. ascribed
c. master
d. role
Ans: c. master
Statuses such as activist, business owner, and academic could all be characterized as ______.
a. achieved statuses.
b. ascribed statuses.
c. role conflicts.
d. role strains
Ans: a. achieved statuses.
Mateo and Anna are having dinner at a Michelin-starred restaurant. They both find the food terrible, but when the waiter comes by, they tell him that the meal is delicious. Their lie is an example of _____.
a.saving face, to avoid insulting the waiter and the restaurant.
b. following the rules of a total institution.
c. their role as customers, since customers are never supposed to complain about their food.
d. their ascribed statuses.
Ans: a.saving face, to avoid insulting the waiter and the restaurant.
Encouraging young girls to wear dresses while encouraging young boys to engage in contact sports are examples of ways some parents socialize their children into ____.
a. achieved statuses.
b. gender roles.
c. role strains.
d. total institutions.
Ans: b. gender roles.
Jermaine goes to school full-time and works almost full-time at a catering hall near his campus. Recently, his mother injured herself at work, and Jermaine has had more responsibilities at home, including covering some bills with money he was saving for his tuition. Jermaine feels overwhelmed by these different demands. What is Jermaine experiencing?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. saving face
d. status set
Ans: a. role conflict
Joey is a sophomore enrolled at a university. Students residing in her dorm have similar educational goals, and every week they are expected to attend mandatory events and workshops managed by the resident assistants. Joey is also expected to eat most meals with other residents of her dorm. Based on this description, Joey is living in a(n) _______.
a. achieved status.
b. ascribed status.
c. role conflict.
d. total institution.
Ans: d. total institution.
During a student government meeting on Zoom, Jim turns on his camera and appears to be actively listening and engaging in the conversation. On his private Instagram story, he posts funny memes making fun of himself and his comments during the meeting. Jim’s Zoom presentation would be his ____, whereas his Instagram story would be his ____.
a.backstage performance; front-stage performance
b. front-stage performance; backstage performance
c. looking-glass self; master status
d. role strain; role conflict
Ans: b. front-stage performance; backstage performance
Chris moved to Beijing, China, to teach English to elementary school students. While there he learns new customs, practices, and beliefs that are very different from his own. What is Chris experiencing?
a. resocialization
b. role conflict
c. role strain
d. total institution
Ans: a. resocialization
Dramaturgical theory suggests that the primary goal of every social interaction is to ______.
a. be front (and center) stage.
b. conform to the script.
c. make a good impression.
d. reduce backstage critique.
Ans: c. make a good impression.
Adeline is a doctor, mother, sister, community member, and president of the PTA. These categories represent Adeline’s
a. achieved statuses.
b. ascribed statuses.
c. master statuses.
d. status set.
Ans: d. status set.