Ingredient Functions
This ingredient type helps remove dirt and oil by lowering surface tension between substances.
What is a surfactant?
This U.S. agency regulates cosmetics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
What is the FDA?
Using this scale, estheticians can identify how likely an ingredient is to clog pores.
What is the comedogenic scale?
Dry skin benefits from this moisture-attracting ingredient often found in serums.
What is hyaluronic acid?
Before using new products, estheticians should always perform this safety step.
What is a patch test?
These ingredients soften and smooth the skin by forming a protective layer.
What are emollients?
The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act requires that cosmetic labels list ingredients in this order.
What is descending order of predominance?
These ingredients exfoliate by using acids or enzymes to dissolve dead skin cells.
What are chemical exfoliants?
Oily or acne-prone skin benefits from this beta hydroxy acid that exfoliates inside pores.
What is salicylic acid?
Fragrances and preservatives are common sources of these unwanted skin reactions.
What are allergies or sensitivities?
This type of ingredient draws water from the air and deeper layers of the skin to the surface.
What are humectants?
Products that act as both cosmetics and drugs must follow regulations for both categories.
What are dual-use products?
This ingredient type strengthens the skin barrier by replenishing natural lipids.
What are ceramides?
Sensitive skin responds best to calming ingredients like this plant extract.
What is chamomile or aloe vera?
When treating compromised or irritated skin, active ingredients like acids should be avoided because of this risk.
What is increased irritation or contraindication?
These ingredients form a barrier to prevent water loss and protect against environmental damage
What are occlusives?
A label that falsely promises to “erase wrinkles permanently” would violate this rule.
What is false or misleading labeling?
This natural prebiotic supports a balanced skin microbiome and reduces irritation.
What is Inulin
This ingredient helps regulate oil production and minimize shine on combination or oily skin.
What is niacinamide?
This ingredient family comes from plants, herbs, or other natural sources and is often used for their soothing or antioxidant properties.
What are botanicals?
This ingredient category helps prevent bacterial growth and extends a product’s shelf life.
What are preservatives?
This type of ingredient, except in coal-tar hair dyes, must be FDA-approved before use.
What are color additives?
These microscopic carriers help deliver active ingredients deeper into the skin.
Liposomes or Nanoparticles
Mature or aging skin benefits from these peptides that help firm and improve elasticity.
What are peptides or retinoids?
These skincare additives improve product texture and prevent ingredient separation.
What are thickeners?