Pathophysiology
The process of the kidneys cleansing the blood by eliminating electrolytes and other waste products in the nephron is:
Filtration
Individuals engaged in agricultural and food handling industries are most likely to have what type of mechanism behind a toxic exposure?
Absorption
Upon arrival to the residence of a 32-year-old male, you are told by the patient that he is in extreme pain today. The pain started in his lower back area and now radiates into his lower abdominal area and groin. He is very restless and feels nauseated. He also explains to you that he noticed a "little bit of blood in my pee." What is the most likely conclusion?
Renal Calculi
When managing a patient who may have ingested toxins, should the paramedic bring the pill bottles or containers of medications with you to the emergency department?
Yes, so the physician or nurses can identify the exact pill and also possibly the number of pills the patient may have ingested
Prolonged, painful erection
Priapism
What route of toxic exposure is most common?
Ingestion
Although toxic exposures can have immediate and delayed effects, what type of exposure mechanism would likely start out with pulmonary findings such as tachypnea, wheezing, or inspiratory crackles?
Inhalation
What is the general term for a sudden drop in urine output to less than 400-500 mL per day?
Acute renal failure
You are called for a "possible overdose." Examination reveals that the patient has a pulse of 112 per minute. What drug has most likely caused the tachycardia?
Cocaine
The need for an increased amount of a drug to obtain effects previously attained from a lower dose of the same drug is called:
Tolerance
The renal artery and vein, as well as nerves, lymphatic vessels. and the ureter, pass into the kidney through the notched region called the ___
Hilum
With renal failure, what finding may be present in the patient that the paramedic would initially identify during the primary assessment?
Alterations in mental status
The presence of a UTI is most commonly found in what patient population?
Women who are sexually active
Toxic overdoses of acetaminophen can cause damage and necrosis to what organ of the body?
Liver
What is the most common substance of abuse in the United States and most of the world?
Alcohol
A substance that will neutralize a specific toxin or counteract its effect on the body.
Antidote
What ECG alteration may be present in a patient with renal ARF and electrolyte abnormalities?
Tall, symmetrical T waves
You are dispatched to the home of a male with a history of kidney failure. On arrival, the patient informs you that he receives four hours of dialysis, three days per week and his shunt is swollen and painful. What could you conclude about this patient?
He has chronic kidney disease
Attempted suicides by individuals often involve what type of mechanism?
Drug overdose
A patient with renal dysfunction who has a white “frosty” dust that remains on the skin as sweat dries off the body is likely suffering from:
Chronic kidney disease
Process that can produce a net movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration...
Active Transport
Management of a patient with renal failure should be geared toward:
Protecting fluid volume and cardiovascular function
Acute renal failure secondary to a drop in perfusion pressure resulting from myocardial injury is known as:
Prerenal ARF
You have a patient that was rescued from a burning, smoke-filled home and shows a SpCO reading of 28 percent. He is unconscious and you have to make a transport decision. What facility is the most appropriate?
Closest hospital with a hyperbaric chamber
Your patient has overdosed on his prescribed lithium. What is the medical problem this patient has that would require this medication?
Bipolar disorder