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Lacks regular 3D arrangement of atoms (no long range structural order)
Amorphous solid
The smallest repeating structural unit containing the full crystal symmetry
Unit cell
What is n?
Born exponent
Large/Large and small/small salts are ____ [more or less] soluble than large/small.
less
What is the n of Ca2+?
9
If there is no information about the crystal, ______ equation should be used
Kapustinskii
If the principal quantum number of the outermost electron is 4, what is n?
10
Translation is moving from ___ coordinates
Linear
True or false: The reference lattice should be arbitrary.
True
What is the average n of CaF2?
_____ contains one spherical body inside the unit cell.
Primitive cell
Lattice energy becomes more exothermic with _____ ionic radius
Decreasing
If there is information available about the lattice, _____ equation should be used.
Born-Lande
Born haber cycle is a series of steps representing formulas of _______ from its constituent elements in its ______ state.
Ionic compounds, standard
- Atoms/ions/molecules in the wrong place
- Effect is felt for several layers of the crystal
Self-interstitials
Lattice energy is dominated by the _____ and the ____ of the ion
Charge and size
In ionic crystals, the defect forms when oppositely charged ions leave their lattices sites, creating vacancies.
Schottky defects
Lattice constants a, b and c refers to _____, while alpha, beta and gamma refers to ______.
Lengths, angle
Vacancy, interstitial and substitutional atoms are types of _____defects.
Point
Calculate the Elattice of CaF2 using the Kapustinskii equation. [Ca2+ = 100 pm; F-1 = 133 pm]
Elattice = 1202 x [z cursive][Z+][Z-] / do x [1 - 0.345\do ]
-2636.97 kJ/mol
Analysis of ionic bonds is broken into two: _______ and _______
Electrostatics and geometry
_______solids are made up of an aggregate of many small single crystals. They are also called ______ or grains.
Polycrystalline, crystallites
Ionic bond is an electrostatic attraction interposed by ______.
Electronic repulsion
The Madelung constant is a proportionality factor which takes into account geometric factors of _____ between two species.
Attractive forces
Calculate the Elattice of CaF2 using the Born-Lande equation. [Ca2+ = 100 pm; F-1 = 133 pm; M = 2.51939]
Elattice = 1389 x [Z+][Z-]M / do x [1 / 1\n ]
-2628.33 kJ/mol