KEY FIGURES
Who was the first Prime Minister of Canada?
John A. Macdonald
The former name for Ontario (upper part of the Province of Canada).
Canada West
what year was the BNA Act passed? AND What did the BNA Act officially create?
1867 and the BNA act created the Dominion of Canada (or the country of Canada)
Why were Maritime provinces hesitant about joining Confederation?
They feared losing their independence, worried about economic disadvantages, or were concerned about being dominated by central Canada?
This was a major reason for needing a new political system.
Political Deadlock
Which French-Canadian leader was crucial to bringing Quebec into Confederation?
George-Étienne Cartier
Name the four original provinces that joined Confederation in 1867.
Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
Under the BNA Act. What were three shared responsibilities between the federal and provincial governments.
Agriculture, immigration, and taxation.
What were French-Canadians' main concerns about Confederation?
Fear of losing their culture, language, and religious identity in a predominantly English-speaking Canada?
The takeover of a territory by another country.
Annexation
He was the leader of the Clear Grits and a key member of the Great Coalition.
George Brown
Which two Maritime provinces did NOT join Confederation in 1867?
Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador
What specific protections did the BNA Act include for Quebec?
Protection of the French language, the Roman Catholic education system, and Quebec's legal system (civil law).
This group did not have a seat at the Confederation table?
the First Nations/Metis (Not consulted)
Trade challenges - This was ending between Canada and the United States, forcing a need for new trade.
The Reciprocity Treaty
Which Maritime politician led Nova Scotia and was a strong supporter of Confederation?
Charles Tupper
These provinces feared losing their sovereignty by joining Canada.
Nova Scotia or New Brunswick
In what city did the Charlottetown Conference take place in 1864?
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
Which region of Canada felt most threatened by American expansion during the 1860s?
British Columbia
True or False: The US Civil War made Canada feel more vulnerable.
True.
What was George-Étienne Cartier's main concern when negotiating Confederation, and how did it affect the deal?
He wanted to protect French-Canadian culture and rights; this led to Quebec having special protections for language and education in the BNA Act.
Between 1867 and 1873, which THREE REGIONS joined the original four provinces, and what was the last major addition during this period?
Manitoba (1870), British Columbia (1871), and Prince Edward Island (1873)
True or False: The BNA act was signed in 1865.
False.
True or False: All Atlantic colonies were enthusiastic about joining Confederation.
False
True or False: Confederation was created to increase French-English fighting.
False.