IT History &
Moore's Law
Moore's Law
What technology became widespread in the 1970s–80s?
Personal computers (PCs)
What does “AI” stand for?
Artificial Intelligence
Name one AI-powered daily-life service based on recommending things you might like.
A recommendation system (e.g., YouTube, Netflix, Spotify)
What is bias in AI judgments, caused by bias in the training data, called?
Algorithmic bias
According to Moore's Law, transistor count doubles roughly every how many years?
2 years
Name the four nested levels, from broadest to most specific.
AI → Machine Learning → Deep Learning → Generative AI
Which industry uses image-diagnosis AI to detect disease from X-rays?
Healthcare
Name the four basic principles of AI ethics.
Fairness, Transparency, Privacy protection, Accountability
Name the two physical effects causing Moore's Law to slow down.
Quantum tunneling and leakage current
What is it called when generative AI produces confident-sounding but false information?
Hallucination
Name two things AI is good at.
Any two of: finding/classifying patterns, recognition & generation, probabilistic reasoning
What technology helps address the black-box problem by making AI's reasoning understandable?
Explainable AI (XAI)
Put in order: Internet commercialized, birth of the computer, cloud computing spreads, smartphones rise.
Computer → Internet → Smartphones → Cloud computing
What is the key difference between fixed rules and learned rules?
Traditional programs follow fixed, hand-written rules; machine learning learns its own rules from data
What is the “black-box problem”?
When it's unclear how or why an AI reached its judgment
Give one real example of a privacy issue related to AI.
Face-recognition surveillance in public spaces, or mass collection of online behavior data