Green Algae & Plants
This is the name for specialized cells in land plants that facilitate physical contact between developing embryos and their parent tissues so that they can share nutrients.
What are transfer cells?
This is the term for how most plants continue to grow throughout their lives.
What is indeterminate growth?
This is the process that allows sporophytes to produce spores and is the "gateway" from the 2N part of a plant lifecycle to the 1N part of the plant lifecycle.
What is meiosis?
Basidiomycetes can completely degrade both lignin and cellulose through extracellular digestion by using these two types of enzymes.
What are lignolytic enzymes and cellulases?
This is the name of the nutritive tissue that is created during double fertilization.
What is endosperm?
This term is used to describe when a plant has two types of spore-producing structures: microsporangia and macrosporangia.
What is heterospory?
Thorns, tubers, and stolons are modifications of this component of the plant's anatomy.
What are stems?
This is the process that allows gametophytes to produce gametes and allows spores to grow into sporophytes.
What is mitosis?
This group of fungi undergo plasmogamy when coenocytic hyphae fuse to form a yoke-like structure where karyogamy and meiosis occur.
What are Zygomycetes?
This is the name of a process in which organisms have a multicellular haploid phase and a multicellular diploid phase.
This is when one sperm fuses with an egg while another sperm fuses with two nuclei in the female gametophyte to form a triploid nutritive tissue.
What is double fertilization?
This is the term for undifferentiated plant cells that undergo mitosis and allow the plant to grow.
What are meristems?
This is the term used to refer to the entire group of petals in a flower.
What is a corolla?
All fungi that have this type of plant root association are in the clade of fungi called Glomeromycota.
What are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)?
This structural polymer, built from six-carbon rings, is one of the defining features of vascular tissues, and is not readily broken down by most heterotrophs.
What is lignin?
The name of this group of seed-bearing plants means "naked seed."
What is the gymnosperms?
This component of the vascular tissue in plants is made up of tracheids and vessel elements, and is responsible for distributind water to tissues of the plant.
What is xylem?
The stigma, style, and ovary are all parts of this structure that is responsible for producing the female gametophytes in an angiosperm.
What is the carpel?
Soredia are asexually reproducing mini versions of these organisms that are characterized by a mutually beneficial symbiosis between an Ascomycete and a photosynthetic associate that lives inside the fungus.
What are lichen?
Living things have evolved many ways to optimize this in places where important processes take place, such as gas exchange and light absorption.
What is surface area?
This group of angiosperms has net-like leaf venation and is a paraphyletic grouping.
What is Dicots?
This type of plant ground tissue provides support in places where plants have stopped growing and produces two cell walls made of cellulose and lignin.
What is sclerenchyma?
This is the term for when pollen grains are transferred from an anther to a stigma before fertilization occurs.
What is pollination?
This group of fungi produces 8 spores in sac-like asci after a round of meiosis and subsequent mitosis.
What are the Ascomycetes?
This is the hypothesis that organisms must constantly adapt and evolve in order to survive in an evolutionary arms race.
What is the Red Queen Hypothesis?