American Indians Under Pressure
These include disease brought by white settlers, buffalo hers being destroyed
What were threats to Native Americans
In 1863 the government sent this famous frontiersman to subdue the Navajos, who were fighting to protect their southwestern homeland.
Who was Kit Carson?
The arrival of the big mining companies highlighted an issue that would relentlessly plague the West
What is water and its uses?
practice of the political party in power giving jobs and appointments to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications
What is the spoils system?
Farmers blamed these two industries for their economic problems
What are the railroads and banks?
This term means to be absorbed into main culture by society
What is assimilated?
a war chief and important spiritual leader who became the first-ever chief of all the Lakota Sioux bands in the 1860s.
Who was Sitting Bull?
rail link between the eastern and the western United States
What is the Transcontinental Railroad?
a political party’s organization that wins voter loyalty and guarantees power to a small group of leaders, who often abuse it for their own gain
What are political machines?
farmers’ organization formed after the Civil War
What was the Grange?
specific areas set aside by the government for the Indians’ use
What are reservations?
1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated U.S. Army troops
What was The Battle of Little Big Horn?
land designated by the federal government for building schools, roads, or railroads
What are land grants?
government departments and their non-elected employees
What is the civil service?
Government organization designed to oversee interstate commerce
What was the Interstate Commerce Commission?
1864 incident in which Colorado militia attacked a camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians, some of who were under U.S. Army protection
What is The Sand Creek Massacre?
This person was the leader of the Nez Perce tribe that lead his followers on an unsuccessful attempt to escape confinement on a reservation
Who was Chief Joseph?
Congress provided these things to encourage construction of the transcontinental railroad
What are loans and land grants?
1883 law that created a civil service system for the federal government in an attempt to hire employees on a merit system rather than on a spoils system
What is the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
network of farmers’ organizations that worked for political and economic reforms in the late 1800s
What was the Farmers Alliance?
This government agency, established in 1824, handled affairs between Native Americans and the government.
What is The Bureau of Indian Affairs?
1890 confrontation between U.S. cavalry and Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance
What was Wounded Knee?
method of ranching in which the rancher allowed his or her livestock to roam and graze over a vast area of grassland
What was the open-range system of cattle ranching?
This cartoonist used his work to attack government corruption under New York City’s William “Boss” Tweed
Who was Thomas Nast?
People’s Party; political party formed in 1891 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms
What was the Populist Party?