Heat Transfer
What are the three methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection and radiation
What are the two broad energy categories used in this unit?
Kinetic energy and potential energy
Name the three main types of rock.
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
What is the name of the large moving sections of Earth’s crust?
Tectonic plates
What is a fossil?
Evidence or remains of an organism from the past
Which type of heat transfer occurs mainly through direct contact between particles?
Conduction
What type of energy is stored in a stretched spring?
Elastic potential energy
What process turns molten rock into igneous rock?
Cooling/solidification
What process in the mantle helps drive plate movement?
Convection currents
Name one type of fossil studied in this unit.
Mould, cast, trace, preserve, carbon film
Which type of heat transfer occurs through liquids and gases?
Convection
What energy store is found in food and batteries?
Chemical
What processes help form sedimentary rock?
Deposition, compaction and cementation
Name one piece of evidence supporting plate tectonics.
Matching coastlines, sea-floor spreading, earthquakes/volcanoes, biogeography,
What law is used to determine the relative age of rock layers?
The law of superposition
Which form of heat transfer can travel through empty space?
Radiation
State the law of conservation of energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed.
What causes existing rock to become metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure
Why are earthquakes and volcanoes often found near plate boundaries?
Plate movement causes stress, collisions, separation or subduction at boundaries
In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, where is the oldest layer usually found?
At the bottom
Explain why convection currents form in a fluid.
Warmer fluid becomes less dense and rises; cooler fluid becomes denser and sinks
A toy car rolls down a ramp. Describe the main energy transformation.
Gravitational potential energy → kinetic energy
Explain how one type of rock can eventually become another type.
Through processes in the rock cycle such as melting, cooling, weathering, compaction, heat and pressure
What was the name of the supercontinent that existed before the continents moved apart?
Pangaea
What is the difference between a mould fossil and a cast fossil?
A mould is the impression left by an organism, while a cast forms when that mould is filled with material.