17.4 A
The pioneer species most likely to be found in the initial stages of primary succession
a.Grasses
b.Large trees
c.Lichens and mosses
d.Small mammals
c.Lichens and mosses
Which of the following are the birds most likely responding to when they begin to migrate?
a.the force of gravityc.a change in temperature
A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?
a.The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.d.The toads got their food from the wetland ecosystem.
Which of the following is an abiotic factor that might influence the health of a coastal ecosystem?
a.A change in the types of bacteria in the waterb.A change in the salinity of the water
Which feature might be used to distinguish secondary succession from primary succession?
a.The lack of pioneer species in the second stage
b.The presence of pioneer species in the final stage
c.The presence of trees and large plants in the final staged.The presence of soil and organic matter in the first stage.
Movement of organisms out of a given area is known as
a.emigration
b.Immigration
c.Successiond.Invasive species
a.emigration
Some plants grow only in specific places in the world. Some cacti, for example, grow only in deserts. Which of the following is most important in determining where a plant can grow and survive?
a.climateb.animals
c.tides
d.winda.climate
Which of the following is NOT a result of human-caused climate change?
a.Sea levels risingd.Ocean temperatures cooling
Cattails grow in wet areas. Which of the following environmental changes would most likely cause a decrease in the cattail population in an area?
a.A rainstorm lasting several weeks
b.A drought lasting twelve monthsb.A drought lasting twelve months
Which ecological disturbance would be a foundation for primary succession?
a.A wildfire burning throughout a temperate forest.b.A farmer’s field of soybeans that has been flooded.
c.A volcanic eruption that covers the ground in lava.
d.A rainforest tall trees being cut down for lumber.c.A volcanic eruption that covers the ground in lava.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?
a.Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidlyd.Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.
Changes in climate have a major impact on biological communities. Which of the following would NOT be an effect from increased global temperatures?
a.Coastal wetlands may floodc.Ocean sea levels will fall
How does too much fishing in an area affect its ecosystem?
a.The fish will lay many more eggs to replace the fish that were caught.c.Organisms that eat the fish could become endangered due to starvation.
d.People could eat too many fish and become ill
c.Organisms that eat the fish could become endangered due to starvation.
Which statement describes a main difference between primary and secondary succession?
a.Primary succession is always followed by secondary succession.b.Secondary succession always ends in a climax community while primary succession does not.
c.Primary succession always starts with barren, rock areas while secondary succession does not.
d.Secondary succession always reaches a climax community of trees while primary succession ends with pioneer species.c.Primary succession always starts with barren, rock areas while secondary succession does not.
Which of the following abiotic factors is the main cause of negative effects on the arctic ecosystem.
a.The increase in ocean currents are breaking up the arctic ice fasterc.The ocean has a pH that is decreasing making the saltwater more acidic
Global climate change today is mostly caused by ________________.
a.The change in the Earth’s orbit.b.The emission of greenhouse gases by humans.
c.The release of aerosols into the atmosphere.d.The release of ozone into the atmosphere.
b.The emission of greenhouse gases by humans.
After a natural disaster such as a hurricane or tornado, what will happen in the damaged ecosystem?
a.Nothing; it will remain uninhabitedb.A new, different ecosystem will evolve
c.An ecosystem similar to the previous one will be re-establishedd.No one really knows what to expect about a natural disaster
c.An ecosystem similar to the previous one will be re-established
Which of the following is the best explanation of succession after a volcanic eruption as it changes from newly exposed rocks underwater to a coral reef ecosystem?
a.Succession occurs more rapidly in the later stages than in the beginning stages.b.Succession typically begins with fish and then the colonization of coral.
c.Succession proceeds as the height of coral increases until the climax stage is reached.d.Succession begins with the pioneer species and the composition of species changes/grows over time until the climax stage is reached.
d.Succession begins with the pioneer species and the composition of species changes/grows over time until the climax stage is reached.
All of the following statements are disturbances that will cause secondary succession except for one. Which statement leads to primary succession?
a.Volcanic eruption occurs underwater leaving bare rock layers on the ocean floor.b.Hurricane passes through a mangrove forest displacing most of the mangroves.
c.An oil spill along the salt marsh coasts greatly reducing the amount of salt marshes.d.Trawling (a large net being scraped on the floor) removes part of a large coral reef.
a.Volcanic eruption occurs underwater leaving bare rock layers on the ocean floor.
Which of the following statements best describe climate change?
a.A long-term change in the Earth’s overall temperature with massive and permanent effectsa.A long-term change in the Earth’s overall temperature with massive and permanent effects