New Monarchies
What was Ferdinand and Isabella's plan to unite Spain?
The Reconquista
What did most Europeans live in?
Small villages
Who wrote the 95 Theses?
Martin Luther
Who was Pope during Luther’s protests?
Leo X
Who united France after the Hundred Years' War?
Louis XI
Why were tenant farmers' lives harder?
Demand for wool rose
What did indulgences claim to pardon?
Sins
What was sold to fund St. Peter's Church?
Indulgences
What major battle made Henry VII king?
Battle of Bosworth
Where did displaced farmers often go?
Towns and cities
Which empire's leader declared Luther an outlaw?
Holy Roman Empire
What court punished nonbelievers in Spain?
The Inquisition
How did Ferdinand and Isabella unite Spain religiously?
Expelled Moors and Jews
Who were patrons of the arts?
Wealthy nobles and merchants
What language did Luther translate the Bible into?
German
Which prince protected Martin Luther?
Frederick the Wise
What class did Louis XI favor for unity?
Middle-class merchants
How did jobless farmers affect towns?
Took low-paying jobs
What movement aimed to reform the Catholic Church?
The Reformation
What invention spread Luther's ideas?
Printing press