Weathering
The process where rocks from Earth's crust are slowly being broken into smaller pieces is called...
Weathering
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces; erosion moves those pieces away.
What causes magma beneath a volcano rise to the surface?
Gases in the magma
A break or crack in rocks where Earth's crust can move is called...
A fault
Where in the United States is there a continual lava flow happening today?
Kilauea, Hawaii
What are 3 of the 4 physical causes of weathering?
Water, ice, temperature change, and living things
The laying down of pieces of Earth's surface is called...
Deposition
Volcanic eruptions produce...
Rock , lava, and ash
What is the term for the point underground where an earthquake starts?
At the focus - where the plates start to move, beneath the epicenter, along the fault (see diagram on p. 272)
What pulls all objects from higher places to lower places?
Gravity
Explain how plants can weather a rock.
A plant's roots can grow inside a rock, and as they grow, it can break the rock apart.
Name 3 of the 4 ways weathered materials are moved.
Water, ice, gravity, and wind
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Magma is molten rock below earth's surface; lava is molten rock one it is above the earth's surface.
At what point is the greatest damage from an earthquake going to be?
At the epicenter
List 5 different landforms.
Sample Answers: Plains, plateaus, mountains, peninsulas, valleys, canyons, butte, arch, pinnacle, hoodoo, mesa, cave
How can ice cause physical weathering?
If water gets into the crack of a rock and then freezes, it will expand when it turns into ice. The expanding ice can cause the rock to break into smaller pieces.
Name 1 similarity and 1 difference between landslides and avalanches.
Both landslides and avalanches are rapid downhill movements due to gravity. Landslides are the movement of rock and soil, while avalanches are the movement of snow and ice.
What is the difference between an active and a dormant volcano?
Active volcano - erupts frequently Dormant volcano - a volcano that has not erupted for a long time
Explain the difference between an earthquake's focus and its epicenter.
The focus is the point below earth's surface where an earthquake starts. The epicenter is the point on earth's surface directly above the focus.
What comes first: weathering or erosion?
Weathering
Name the 2 types of weathering and how they are different.
Physical and chemical weathering. Physical weathering changes the size and physical appearance of rocks. Chemical weathering causes rocks to change into different materials.
Name and describe 3 ways to control erosion and deposition.
Plants - people can grow plants on hills so the roots keep the soil in place Terraces - slow the speed of water running downhill Barriers - block ocean waves from carrying the sand away
Where on earth's crust are volcanoes located?
Weak spots on Earth's crust; along or near where Earth's plates come together
Explain how actions around a fault can cause an earthquake.
Rocks can get stuck along a fault. The plates continue to move slowly, putting pressure on the rocks. When the pressure is strong enough, the rocks might break, causing the plates to move suddenly. This causes Earth's crust to shake - an earthquake.
What is the name of the machine used to measure earthquakes and what information does the Richter scale give us?
A seismograph is used to measure the strength of an earthquake; The Richter scale tells us the magnitude of an earthquake.