vocab 1
______ is the mechanical and chemical processes that change Earth’s surface over time.
weathering
the moving of sediment from one location to another is called ___________.
erosion
what type of boundary has earthquakes
transform
How does wind cause erosion and deposition
Strong wind will pick up grains and move them to different areas before leaving them behind
lava or magma cooling
the laying down or settling of sediment is called ___________.
deposition
a ___________ is a large mass of ice, formed by snow accumulation on land, that moves slowly across Earth’s surface.
glacier
besides plate movement what can cause quick changes to earth's surface
metorites with the formation of impact craters
How do glaciers change earths landscape
When the glaciers move they leave scratches on the ground because of the rocks inside of them. These rocks then get deposited when the ice melts.
How are sedimentary rocks formed
compression and cementation or lithification
the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock is known as the ________ __________
rock cycle
the two steps of lithification are:
_________;a process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains.
and
________; a process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains.
compaction and cementation
What is a fault zone
an area with many cracks/fractures in earths crust along a fault
How do streams cause erosion and deposition
Fast moving water collects sediments and brings them down stream, the slower moving water will then deposit the sediments
how are metamorphic rocks formed
high temperatures and pressure
the process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly, repeating pattern is called ____________
crystallization
the process through which sediment turns into rock is called __________
lithification
What causes tsunamis
earthquakes in the middle of the ocean
What is one feature that is made by each wind, water, and ice
wind: sand dunes, arches, loesses
water: canyon, v-shaped valley
ice: arete, horn, cirque, hanging valley, u-shaped valley.
What is the differences between the two types of igneous rocks
intrusive: magma cooling (inside earth)
extrusive: lava cooling (outside earth)
a ______ is a naturally occurring solid composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other materials such as organic matter.
rock
a _________ is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
mineral
What is a landslide
rapid downhill movement of rocks, soil and boulders
What is the difference between physical and chemical weathering
chemical weathering is when the rocks compisition is altered do to outside forces like acid rain
What is the difference between the three types of sedimentary rock
clastic: sediments being cemented together
chemical: the crystallization from evaporated water
biochemical: includes pieces of dead plants or animals