Urbanisation
What is the process of people moving from rural areas to cities called?
Urbanisation
What is the difference between internal and international migration?
Internal = movement within one country; International = movement across countries.
What is a megacity?
A city with over 10 million people.
What is urban sprawl?
The spread of cities into surrounding rural land.
What is Sydney’s current population approximately?
Around 5.3 million (2025).
Give one push factor that might cause people to leave rural areas.
Lack of jobs, drought, poor healthcare, limited education.
Name one economic reason why people migrate.
Higher wages, better employment, financial security.
Name one megacity in Asia.
Tokyo, Mumbai, Shanghai, Jakarta.
Name one environmental impact of urban growth.
Loss of habitats, air pollution, water pollution, increased waste.
Name one factor that makes Sydney a global city.
International finance hub, global business, cultural influence, tourism.
Give one pull factor that attracts people to urban areas.
Better employment, education, healthcare, lifestyle opportunities.
What is a refugee?
A person forced to leave their country due to war, persecution, or disaster.
Identify one challenge that megacities face.
Overcrowding, pollution, traffic congestion, lack of housing.
What does “urban decay” mean?
The decline of areas of a city due to neglect, unemployment, or poor housing.
Why do many people migrate to Sydney from overseas?
Job opportunities, education, lifestyle, safety, multiculturalism.
What is internal migration?
The movement of people within a country (e.g., rural → urban).
Explain what a seasonal migrant is and give an example.
Someone who moves temporarily for seasonal work, e.g., fruit picking in Australia.
Explain why informal settlements (slums) are common in megacities.
Rapid population growth outpaces affordable housing and services.
Explain how traffic congestion affects liveability in cities.
Increases travel time, stress, air pollution, and reduces quality of life.
Give an example of a strategy Sydney has used to reduce urban sprawl.
Urban consolidation, higher-density housing, public transport corridors.
Explain why megacities in developing countries often experience rapid urbanisation.
High rural poverty, lack of opportunities, combined with urban pull factors like jobs and services.
Evaluate the social and economic impacts of migration on a host country.
Economic: fills labour shortages, boosts economy, but may increase housing demand. Social: enriches culture, but may cause tensions in communities.
Compare one benefit and one challenge of living in a megacity.
Benefit = job opportunities, access to services; Challenge = overcrowding, high cost of living.
Propose one sustainable strategy for improving liveability in large cities.
Public transport investment, green spaces, renewable energy, affordable housing.
A positive and negative of liveability in Sydney.
Sydney offers clean environment and but high cost of living