America
Who came up with the term 'American Century'?
Henry Luce
Who is BRIC?
Brazil, Russia, India and China
What is the difference between hard and soft power?
Hard Power - Military
Soft Power - Education
Who are the permanent members of the security council?
France, Britain, China, America and Russia
Who implemented Glasnost and Perestroika
Mikhail Gorbachev
What was America's original foreign policy and what did it change to?
Isolationist to Interventionist
Who were the original 6 in the first attempt at the EU?
Belgium, France, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands and West Germany
Name the Five Flashpoints of the Cold War
Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Economic Packages, Space race and Atomic Race
Which First Lady helped write the UN's Charter of Human Rights?
Eleanor Roosevelt
What was the name and purpose of the Russian satellite in space?
Sputnik - Russia wanted to store their nuclear weapons in space to attack whenever, wherever ( they won the space race)
what did the American Century exist for?
America's own benefit
Who were the G4 and why?
India - 2nd most populous nation
Brazil - representative of a continent with no voice in the UNSC
Germany - largest economy in Europe
Japan - economic power
Where is Sarajevo the capitol of?
Bosnia and Herzegovina
To create safe zones (UNPA) - established in heavy conflict areas and were designed for the removal of Serbian controlled Yugoslav Army
What is Glasnost and Perestroika?
Glasnost - government transparency
Perestroika - restructuring the economy
Who were the presidents that were majorly involved in this whole topic?
Ronald Reagan (1981 - 1992), Clinton (1993 - 2000), George W. Bush (2008 - 2008), Obama (2009 - 2013)
What were the aims of BRIC?
The development of a more multipolar world
The US had enjoyed a hegemony since the end of the cold war
China developed as an economic power
Russia reasserted its power in Eastern Europe
India had a rising middle class
Brazil was emerging with a charismatic leader
An alternative economic consensus
New approaches to conflict resolution
What was the rise of nationalism a result of?
A loss of faith in the institutions of the nation-state – politics, religion, trade unions and media – and the failure of Western liberal democracies to cushion the traditional working and middle classes against the effects of globalisation.
What is preventative diplomacy?
Action to prevent disputes from arising between parties, to prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts and to limit the spread of the latter when they occur.
What was the reason between Russia's animosity towards America?
The Russians believed that the Allies were failing to open a second front in Europe against the Nazis (delaying D Day) in order to weaken the Soviet Union, this distrust was further inflamed during the peace negotiations.
What are the examples of Hard and Soft power?
Balkan War/Disintegration of Yugoslavia
Rise of Militant Islam
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Iraq War
Persian Gulf War
Kosovo War
Arab Spring
War on Terror
What were the effects of the Global Financial Crisis for bot BRIC and the EU?
BRIC:
China and Brazil suffered a weaker demand for goods and Russia suffered a fall in oil prices
BRIC had large cash surpluses, large trade surpluses and growing middle classes who still had excess cash for consumption - helped withstand the shock
EU:
Governments forced to slash interest rates, spend huge amounts of money bailing out ranks and introducing stimulus packages
What was America's Foreign Policy Response to China? (only need to give 3 examples)
1989 Tiananmen Square US House of Reps voted 403-0 to allow more than 43,000 Chinese students reside in the US permanently.
‘Most favoured nation’ trading status 1991.
Human Rights record – Bush v Clinton 1992.
1993 – Clinton executive order
1994 – Sec. State Warren Christopher attempts to force compliance by visiting China. The Chinese refuse to accept the American version of Human Rights.
1995 - June - Lee Teng-hui invited to visit washington
Chinese conducted missile tests near taiwan coast in 95/96 as a response
1999 - May - NATO in Yugoslavia in the bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
What are three reasons for UN failure in Yugoslavia?
1. UNPROFOR were not given the ability to enforce peacekeeping - forces to find a middle ground
2. Security Council permanent members saw no strategic significance in Bosnia-Herzegovina and would not become involved but global media and general public pressured them
3. UN Secretary General requested 34 000 troops to protect the 6 areas - only got 3000
4. Safe area of Srebrenica in Eastern Bosnia was overrun by Bosnian Serb forces
5. Several Security Council resolutions seemed to imply appropriate force would be used to protect these areas, the enforcement nature of UNPROFOR's role disappeared when its duties were spelt out.
Explain the Kursk Crisis
Sub. Putin was slow to accept international assistance but accepted help from British and Norwegian engineers 5 days later after 118 of the crew has died. The Kursk was seen as an unsinkable vessel. It humiliated Russian Military and the families of victims called Putin incompetent.