Classification Basics
What is the science of classifying living things called?
Taxonomy
What do scientists call the two-word naming system for organisms?
Binomial nomenclature
Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
Are protists prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Name one example of a fungus.
Mushroom, mold, mildew, or yeast
What type of organism within a cell does a eukaryote have that a prokaryote does not?
A nucleus
In a scientific name, which word is capitalized?
The genus
What process do bacteria use to reproduce?
Binary fission
What kind of protist is algae: plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like?
Plant-like
What material makes up fungal cell walls?
Chitin
What are the three domains of life?
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
What language are scientific names written in?
Latin
What are the three main shapes of bacteria?
Spherical, rod-shaped, and spiral
What structure does an amoeba use to move and capture food?
Pseudopodia
What are spores?
Thick-walled reproductive cells that resist drying
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
Autotrophs make their own food, while heterotrophs must consume other organisms for energy
Who created the binomial naming system in the 1750s?
Carolus Linnaeus
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?
Aerobic bacteria require oxygen, while anaerobic bacteria grow without oxygen
What harmful event can happen when algae grow too rapidly in water?
An algal bloom or red tide
What is mycology?
The study of fungi
Scientists may change an organism’s classification when they discover this.
New information or evidence about the organism
What is the species name in Panthera tigris?
tigris
Why are Gram-negative bacteria usually harder to kill with antibiotics?
They have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and are more resistant to antibiotics
Scientists believe phytoplankton produce about what percentage of Earth’s oxygen?
About 50–85%
Why were fungi placed into their own kingdom instead of the plant kingdom?
Because fungi are heterotrophs and have different cell structures and characteristics than plants