Chap 17
The Toddler
The Toddler
What is the Erikson’s stage of development for this age range?
Erikson’s stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt
What happens to their weight between ages 1and 5yrs
Their weight doubles.
"Doubled the 1-year weight by the age of 5 years".
Erikson refers to this phase as?
the stage of industry
Enuresis
is involuntary urination after the age at which bladder control should have been established.
What is centering? (The Preschool Child)
The tendency to concentrate on a single outstanding characteristic of an object while excluding its other features
What are the benefits of "Time- out"?
A time-out period in a safe place helps the child to develop the ability to tolerate delayed gratification and self-regulation.
Attention span reaches 30 minutes at what age?
5yrs.
How do children evaluate themselves at this age?
Children are evaluated according to their social contribution, such as the ability to attain good grades, hit home runs, or earn a yellow belt in karate class
Symbolic functioning
They create a mental image to stand for something that is not there.
E.g. children who pretend that an empty box is a fort
The achievement of what vision may be accomplished by school age?
The achievement of 20/20 vision may be accomplished by school age.
Separation anxiety, which consists of 3 components, develops in infancy and continues throughout toddlerhood. what are the 3 components?
protest, despair, and detachment.
Separation anxiety, which consists of protest, despair, and detachment, develops in infancy and continues throughout toddlerhood.
The term “stuttering” has been replaced by and is referred to as?
The term “stuttering” has been replaced and is now referred to as “childhood onset fluency disorder.”
Weight gains are more rapid than increases in height. what is the average weight and height per year?
The average gain in weight per year is about 2.5 to 3.2 kg (5.5 to 7 lb.). The average increase in height is approximately 5 cm (2 inches).
latchkey children
latchkey children are those who are left unsupervised after school because parents are away from home or at work and extended family is not available to care for them
Animism.
The tendency to attribute life to inanimate objects
Language development parallels cognitive growth. By 3 years of age the child has a rather extensive vocabulary of about how many words?
900 words.
Name the 2 stages of the preoperational phase and the age range for each.
Preoperational phase comprises of children from 2 to 7 years of age and is divided into two stages: the preconceptual stage (2 to 4 years of age) and the intuitive thought stage (4 to 7 years of age).
Sedentary activities and habits in the school-age child are associated with what 2 conditions later in life?
high risk of developing obesity and cardiovascular problems later in life.
Concrete operations
Concrete operations involve logical thinking and an understanding of cause and effect.
The school - age child uses the skill and knowledge they obtain to attempt to master the activities they enjoy, including music, sports, and art. Unsuccessful adaptations at this time can lead to?
a sense of inferiority.
What helps the toddler to master the stage of autonomy and maintain a positive self-image
Gentle guidance, positive discipline, and patience will help the toddler master the stage of autonomy and maintain a positive self-image.
In the "Treatment and Nursing Care" of Enuresis, a detailed physical and psychological history is obtained. Name 3 factors/ information that should be included.
Factors such as the pattern of wetting, number of times per night or per week, number of daytime voiding, type of stream, dysuria, amount of fluid taken between dinner and bedtime, family history, stress, and reactions of parents and child are documented
Why is organized sports important for his group?
Participation in organized sports can develop skill, teamwork, and fitness, but excessive pressure and unrealistic expectations can have negative effects.
Androgynous.
A gender role concept that incorporates both masculine and feminine qualities.
List 4 ways to protect against injury (Injury prevention, The Toddler)
Injury prevention involves some of the methods mentioned in the discussion of consumer education: the use of items such as electric outlet covers, cabinet locks, drawer locks, and the creation of a hazard-free or childproof environment for the child