A
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
A) Theoretic frameworks guide physiologic nursing care.
B) Theoretic frameworks guide psychosocial nursing care.
C) Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
D) Theoretic frameworks advance the ethical aspects of practice.
Ans: C
Feedback:Theoretic frameworks are important to the advancement of nursing knowledge and professional practice.
9. Evidence-based care emphasizes decision-making based on the best available evidence and:
A) use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
B) evaluation by experts to direct specialty areas.
C) care based on pathophysiologic factors. D) cost efficiency of treatment models.
Ans: A
Feedback:
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision-making based on the best available evidence and the use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
13. From 1900 to 1940, research in nursing focused on:
A) cost-effectiveness of nursing care.
B) improving client care outcomes.
C) nursing education and teaching.
D) increasing workforce in the nursing profession.
Ans: C
Feedback:
Between 1900 and 1940, research in nursing centered on education, methods of teaching, and methods of evaluating how nurses learned.
25. The director of nurses (DON) in a long-term care facility has noticed an increased number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) on the east wing of the facility and would like the infection control nurse to investigate this problem. What is the best problem statement for this study?
A) "Is there a relationship between the personnel caring for specific clients and whether or not these clients developed UTIs?"
B) "Is there an increase in the number of UTIs on the east wing of the facility?"
C) "Does the east wing have a greater number of UTIs than the west wing of the facility?"
D) "What is the client census on the east wing as opposed to the other wings of the facility?"
Ans: A
Feedback:
The problem statement in a research study identifies the direction that a research project will take. The statement should be clear and unambiguous, express a relationship between two or more variables, identify the population to be studied, and encourage empiric testing.
7. The statement, "More frequent handwashing will significantly lower the rate of infection in hospitalized clients," is an example of what research component?
A) Hypothesis
B) Proposal
C) Research question
D) Implication
Ans: A
Feedback:Research is defined as a formalized process of systematic investigation designed to test a research question or hypothesis. This statement is testable and is not formulated as a question.
19. A well-constructed problem statement formulated at the beginning of a nursing research study should:
A) incorporate nursing theory.
B) include significant references.
C) identify benefits of the study.
D) indicate the population.
Ans: D
Feedback:
The problem statement should be clear and unambiguous, express a relationship between two or more variables, identify the population to be studied, and encourage empiric testing.
22. What are the four properties identified by Diers that comprise the holistic perspective of nursing research? select all that apply
A) The focus of nursing research must be on a variance that makes a difference in
improving client care.
B) Nursing research has the potential for contributing to the development of theory and the body of scientific nursing knowledge.
C) A research problem is a nursing research problem when nurses have access to and control over the phenomena being studied.
D) A nurse interested in research must have an inquisitive, curious, and questioning mind.
E) A nurse interested in research must be a graduate-level nurse to be able to adequately perform nursing research.
Ans: A, B, C, D
Feedback:
Nursing is concerned with the whole person, which describes holistic nursing. When nurses conduct research, they tend to focus on the physiologic, psychological,sociologic, cultural, and economic factors that affect a person. They view the situation from a nursing perspective and ask questions about what they see.
17. Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do? A) Obtain a list of possible outcomes.
B) Evaluate the number of ways to collect data
C) Select literature relevant to the problem.
D) Determine a source appropriate to collect data.
Ans: C
Feedback:
Literature review is the process of selecting published materials that have relevance to the potential research.
11. How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?
A) They will answer a posed question.
B) Each begins with goal development.
C) The nurse assesses problems initially.
D) There is a period of evaluation
Ans: C
Feedback:
The first step for the practicing nurse is to assess a problem; for the researcher, the first step is to recognize the general problem area.
24. A nursing researcher presents the findings of the current study at a School of Nursing's research conference. While there, the researcher speaks with another nurse researcher interested in similar topics and the two decide to discuss forming a partnership for further research projects. This type of interaction is an example of:
A) hypothesizing.
B) identifying variables.
C) investigating foreground questions.
D) networking.
Ans: D
Feedback:
Networking is a way to meet other nurses with similar interests and is a good way to disseminate and to expand one's knowledge, as well as to meet with other professional nurses.
14. The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) was established following a study in 1983. The center's purpose is to:
A) advance the level of nursing research funding.
B) investigate and expand nursing theory.
C) promote research for health promotion. D) evaluate the effect of current research.
Ans: C
Feedback:
The National Institute of Nursing Research was established under the National Institutes of Health to place nursing securely in the sphere of scientific investigation and to support research and training into client care, health promotion, disease prevention, and the mitigation of the effects of acute and chronic disabilities.
3. A nurse is applying a nursing model in the care of a client. Which is most similar to a nursing model?
A) Nursing concept
B) Nursing theory
C) Nursing construct
D) Proposition
Ans: B
Feedback:
The nursing model or theory acts as a guide to identify and study systematically the logical relationships between variables, thus supporting nursing care. Nursing models and nursing theories are largely synonymous. This is not the case with nursing concepts, constructs or propositions.
6. In what way can a nurse differentiate strong research from poor research?
A) By conducting the research
B) Through author dialogue
C) By critiquing the study
D) Through the nurse's own informal investigation
Ans: C
Feedback:
Nurses must have a working knowledge of research methods, and basic ability toread for application and to critique research.
4. What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
A) Theoretic writing
B) Evidence-based research
C) Client-focused care
D) Case management
Ans: B
Feedback:
Evidence-based research is translational research that forms the bridge between theory and practice.
10. Which activity systematically inquires about the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care?
A) Nursing research
B) Managed care
C) Outcome criteria
D) Scientific inquiry
Ans: A
Feedback:
Nursing research is defined as a systematic inquiry into the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care, such as support and comfort, prevention of trauma, promotion of recovery, health education, health appraisal, and coordination of healthcare. Managed care is not associated with research into nursing practice.
16. A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
A) Quantitative research
B) Qualitative research
C) Interval research
D) Experimental research
Ans: A
Feedback:
Quantitative research involves the systematic collection of numeric information. Nominal data are of a numeric nature.
20. The role of the institutional review boards for research studies is to: A) determine the credibility of a research study.
B) document the costs of the study.
C) publish the research study.
D) protect the rights of human participants.
Ans: D
Feedback:
Research involving human subjects also needs approval by institutional review boards before implementation. The primary role of such boards is to ensure that the rights of participants are protected.
18. A nursing instructor would like to study the effect peer tutoring has on student success. What is the independent variable?
A) Nursing student
B) Nursing education
C) Peer tutoring
D) Student success
Ans: C
Feedback:
The independent variable is the presumed cause or influence on the dependent variable.
15. The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and healthcare. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
A) Quantitative research
B) Methodologic survey
C) Delphi study
D) Qualitative research
Ans: D
Feedback:
Attitudes on spirituality and healthcare require the nurse to interview clients or informants to obtain qualitative research. Qualitative research involves the systematic collection and analysis of more subjective, narrative materials using procedures in which there tends to be minimal researcher-imposed control.
21. When the nurse researcher informs the participant that his identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:
A) anonymity.
B) protection from harm.
C) ability to withdraw.
D) confidentiality.
Ans: D
Feedback:
Confidentiality ensures that the subjects' identities will not be linked with the information they provide and will not be publicly divulged.
2. A conceptual framework is defined as:
A) an explanation of nursing and nursing practice.
B) a set of phenomena and related abstractions.
C) a foundation for nursing skills and care.
D) a set of concepts and propositions.
Ans: D
Feedback:
A conceptual framework or model is defined as a set of concepts and the propositions that integrate them into a meaningful configuration.
12. Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Clara Barton
D) Lillian Wald
Ans: A
Feedback:
Nursing research has been an integral part of the profession since Florence Nightingale documented the care of soldiers in the Crimean War.
8. Nursing research is linked most closely to:
A) propositions.
B) outcome measures.
C) treatments.
D) nursing process.
Ans: D
Feedback:
Many similarities are found between the formalized research process and the nursing process format that is an integral part of nursing education.
23. What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Ordinal
D) Nonscientific
Ans: B
Feedback:
Quantitative researchers tend to use deductive reasoning, logic, and measurable attributes of human experience, whereas qualitative researchers tend to use dynamic, individual aspects of the human experience in a holistic approach. Ordinal and interval refers to types of variables. Qualitative research is considered to be scientific even though it is not experimental.
5. One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to:
A) quantify outcomes related to clients.
B) determine outcomes for clients.
C) generate knowledge to guide practice.
D) prevent further disease and death.
Ans: C
Feedback:
One of the major reasons for conducting research is to expand a profession's knowledge base.