Bones 1
What is the name of the strong membrane that is made up of dense fibrous tissue covering long bone everywhere on the bone expect a joint surfaces?
periosteum
What are the two (2) types of bone?
cancellous (spongy)
compact
What are the three (3) types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What are the names of the thick and thin filaments of a muscle?
myosin and actin
What is the name of the structural units of compact bone?
osteons or haversian systems
What are the ends of long bones called?
epiphyses
What is the shaft of long bones called?
diaphysis
What is the name of the contractile unit or basic functional unit of a muscle fiber?
sarcomere
What anchors muscle firmly to bones?
tendons
What are the two divisions of the skeleton?
axial and appendicular
What are the three (3) types of bone development
making and remodeling bone
endochondral ossification
intramembranous ossification
What is the difference between and osteoblast and an osteoclast?
osteoblast is the continuous activity by bone-forming cells
osteoclast are bone-dissolving cells
What is a red, oxygen-storing pigment similar to hemoglobin that is found in muscle fibers
myoglobin
What neurotransmitter is in each neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that diffuses across a tiny gap at the NMJ and triggers events within the muscle cell that stimulates the contraction progress
acetylcholine (ACh)
What are the four pair of paranasal sinuses?
frontal, maxilla, sphenoid and ethmoid
What are the five (5) functions of the skeletal system?
support
protection
movement
storage
hematopoiesis
What are the four (4) types of bones?
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
Which type of muscle contraction increases tension within a muscle but does not change the length of the muscle?
isometric contraction
Explain flexion and extension
extension- opposite of flexion; angle between two bones at their joint larger than it was at the beginning of movement; straightening or stretching movement
flexion- opposite of extension; angle between two bones at their joint smaller than it was at the beginning of movement; bending
What muscles (2) in the lower extremity that is found in the quadriceps group that plantar flexes the ankle
gastrocnemius and soleus
What are the eight (8) parts of compact bone?
osteons/haversian systems
concentric lamella
central canal
transverse canals
volkman canals
canaliculi
cranial bones -8
middle ear- 6
face bones- 14
What is the difference between supination and pronation?
supination- rotation of the forearm; hand position with the palm turned to the anterior;
pronation- rotation of the forearm; turning the palm of your hand posteriorly
What is the name of the muscle that is on the head that closes the jaw and assists with chewing of food?
masseter
What is a chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness, especially in the face and throat. Begins with mild weakness and chronic muscle fatigue. An autoimmune disease that attaches ACh receptors.
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)