Endocrine System
What is the endocrine system?
This body system regulates and coordinates body functions using hormones.
This condition occurs when the thyroid produces too little hormone
Hypothyroidism
What is hyperthyroidism?
The thyroid secretes excessive thyroid hormone.
What are thyroid hormone agonists (e.g., levothyroxine)?
These medications replace deficient thyroid hormone.
What is too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism symptoms)?
Rapid pulse, insomnia, sweating, and heat intolerance suggest this.
What are ductless glands?
Endocrine glands are this type of gland.
What is myxedema coma?
The life-threatening complication of untreated hypothyroidism.
What is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis)?
This life-threatening complication can occur with severe hyperthyroidism.
What are T3 and T4?
They mimic these thyroid hormones.
What are angina, myocardial infarction, and heart failure?
Serious cardiac adverse effects include these three.
Name four endocrine glands.
What are the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas? (Also acceptable: parathyroid, ovaries, testes, placenta.)
What are bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, and mental deterioration?
Three signs of myxedema coma.
What is Graves disease?
The autoimmune disease that causes hyperthyroidism.
What are food and fiber?
Taking thyroid hormone with this decreases absorption.
What are cardiac complications?
Older adults start thyroid hormone at low doses to reduce this risk.
What are T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)?
These hormones are produced by the thyroid gland.
What is IV thyroid hormone replacement?
Myxedema coma is treated with this hormone.
What are weight loss, tachycardia, anxiety, heat intolerance, goiter, and exophthalmos?
Three common symptoms of Graves disease.
What is 2 hours before meals (or 3 hours after)?
Thyroid hormone should be taken this long before eating.
What are seizures?
Increased nervous system activity may cause this serious adverse effect.
What are cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline (epinephrine), norepinephrine, and DHEA?
These hormones are produced by the adrenal glands.
What are glucocorticoids and supportive care (ventilator, vasopressors, warming)?
Besides thyroid hormone, these therapies may also be needed in myxedema coma.
What is exophthalmos (thyroid eye disease)?
Bulging eyes caused by Graves disease are called this.
What are warfarin (and other anticoagulants)?
These medications increase the effect of thyroid hormone therapy.
What is warfarin?
Excessive bleeding may occur when thyroid hormone is taken with this medication.