Ch. 7.6 Nervous System Key Terms
contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work together to control involuntary body functions
autonomic nervous system
the largest and highest section of the brain, and the outer part is arranged in folds, called convolutions, and separated into lobes
cerebrum
the section located below the cerebrum, at the top of the brainstem, and is responsible for conducting impulses betweehn brain parts and for certain eye and auditory reflexes
midbrain
(PNS) consists of the nerves and has two divisions - the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, which work together to control involuntary body functions
peripheral nervous system
acts as a relay center and directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum, and it also allows conscious recognition of pain and temperature
thalamus
a mass of nerve tissue well protected by membranes and the cranium, or skull
brain
the section located between the cerebrum and midbrain, and it contains two structures - the thalamus and hypothalamus
diencephalon
a combination of many nerve fibers located outside the brain and spinal cord, and are efferent, or motor, nerves that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
nerves
the section located below the midbrain and in the brainstem, and it is responsible for conducting messages to other parts of the brain; for certain reflex actions, including chewing, tasting, and saliva production; and for assisting with respiration
pons
hollow spaces that connect with each other and with the space under the arachnoid membrane (the subarachnoid space)
ventricles
(CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system, temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dialation and is also involved in emotions such as anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection
hypothalamus
a complex, highly organized system that coordinates all the activities of the body, and this system enables the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside and outside the body
nervous system
carries messages between the CNS and the body
somatic nervous system
the section below the back of the cerebrum and it is responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone
cerebellum
the lowest part of the brainstem and connects with the spinal cord and is responsible for regulating heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure
medulla oblongata
(nerve cell) is the basic structural unit of the nervous system and consists of a cell body containing a nucleus; nerve fibers, called dendrites (which carry impulses toward the cell body); and a single nerve fiber, called an axon (which carries impulses away from the cell body)
neuron
continues down from the medulla oblongata and ends at the first or second lumbar vertebrae, and is surrounded and protected by the vertebrae. It’s also responsible for many reflex actions and for carrying sensory 9affrent) messages up to the brain and motor (efferent) messages from the brain to the nerves that go to the muscles and glands
spinal cord
the ventricles are filled with a clear, colorless fluid and circulates continually between the ventricles and through the subarachnoid space
cerebrospinal fluid
three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord
meninges
two divisions to the autonomic nervous system, and they usually work together to maintain a balanced state, or homeostasis, in the body and to control involuntary body functions at proper rates
parasympathetic
two divisions to the autonomic nervous system, and they usually work together to maintain a balanced state, or homeostasis, in the body and to control involuntary body functions at proper rates
sympathetic