Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms
What is appendicular skeleton
The appendicular skeleton forms & the extremities and is composed of the shoulder
What is diaphysis
The long shaft and central part of the long bone.
What is fontanels
Spaces called fontanels, or "soft spots," allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs.
What is medullary canal
The medullary canal is a cavity in the diaphysis. It is filled with yellow marrow, which is mainly a storage area for fat cells.
What is periosteum
The outside of bone is covered with a of tough membrane, called the periosteum, which contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts
What is axial skeleton
The axial skeleton forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and the breastbone.
What is endosteum
The endosteum is a membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact.
What is foramina
Foramina are openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
What is metacarpals
Palm of the hand.
What is phalanges
Bones that make up the finger and toe
What is carpals
wrist
What is epiphysis
The two extremities, or ends of the long bone.
What is humerus
Upper arm bone.
What is metatarsals
Instep of foot.
What is radius
Lower arm on thumb side that rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely
What is clavicles
collarbones
What is femur
Upper leg bone.
What is joints
Joints are areas where two or more bones join together.
What is os coxae
The hip bone or pelvic bone.
What is red marrow
Red marrow is found in certain bones, such as the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium, and in the proximal ends of the humerus and femur. Red bone marrow is where a process known as hematopoiesis types.
What is cranium
The cranium is the spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain.
What is fibula
The slender smaller bone of the lower leg that attaches to the proximal end of the tibia
What is ligaments
Ligaments, help hold long bones together at joints.
What is patella
The kneecap bone.
What is ribs
Bones that protect the heart and lungs