Infection Control
What is the gold standard to prevent the spread of germs/ prevent infection
handwashing with soap and water
Is the following statement true or false?
It is not necessary to perform hand hygiene prior to performing a procedure using clean technique.
False
Rationale: The WHO recommends hand hygiene before touching a patient, before a clean or aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, and after touching patient surroundings.
Provide at least 3 examples of PPE
Clean (nonsterile) and sterile gloves
Impervious gowns/aprons
Surgical and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) masks,
N95 disposable masks
Face shields
Protective eyewear/goggles
What is the appropriate name of a Blood pressure cuff
sphygmomanometer
This is the normal heart rate for adults.
60-100bpm
Normal respiratory rate?
12-20 breaths per minute and regular.
How long should you scrub hands when washing?
At least 20 seconds
When is it appropriate to use alcohol-based hand rubs?
Recommended if hands are not visibly soiled
Place patient in private room, if available
Wear gown and gloves when entering the room for all interventions involving contact with the patient; change infected gloves and remove PPE before leaving the room
Wash hands with antimicrobial or waterless antiseptic agent
Limit movement of the patient out of the room
Avoid sharing patient care equipment
...What precaution am I?
Contact Precaution
138/87 is considered what?
Stage 1 HTN
What is the normal adult blood pressure?
<120/80 mmHg
< 10 breaths per minute is called?
Bradypnea
What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?
Handwashing
Describe 3 conditions requiring Hand Hygiene with soap and water
When hands are visibly dirty
When hands are visibly soiled with or in contact with blood or other body fluids
Before eating and after using the restroom
If exposure to certain organisms, such as those causing anthrax or Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), is known or suspected
Use a private room (door may remain open)
Wear PPE upon entry into the room for all interactions that may involve contact with the patient and potentially contaminated areas in the patient’s environment
Transport the patient out of the room only if necessary; place surgical mask on patient
Keep visitors 3 ft from patient
...What precaution am I?
Droplet Precaution
3 methods to assess the pulse
Palpating the peripheral arteries
Auscultating the apical pulse with a stethoscope
Using a portable Doppler ultrasound
This is the normal adult temp.
96.4-99.5 F
or 35.9°C (96.7°F) to 38°C (100.5°F)
> than 24 breaths per minute is called?
Tachypnea
This involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
For example, performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves
Medical asepsis or clean technique
Name at least 3 criteria for performing hand hygiene
Before and after contact with each patient
Before putting on gloves
Before performing invasive procedures
After accidental contact with body fluids or excretions, mucous membranes, nonintact skin, and wound dressings, even if hands are not visibly soiled
When moving from a contaminated body site to a clean one during patient care
After contact with inanimate objects near the patient
After removal of gloves
Place patient in private room with monitored negative air pressure and door closed; keep patient in room
Use respiratory protection (mask or respirator) when entering the patient’s room
Transport patient out of room only when necessary; place surgical mask on patient
Consult CDC guidelines for prevention strategies for Spread/containment.
...What precaution am I?
Airborne precautions
List 4 factors that can affect blood pressure reading
Age
Physical activity
Position
Weight
Fluid balance
Smoking
Medications
Presence of disease or health conditions
Pain
2 methods to obtain core temp
Tympanic and rectal
or
Esophagus and pulmonary
Describe the method to assess Respiratory Rate, Depth, and Rhythm
Inspection (observing and listening)
Listening with the stethoscope
Counting the number of breaths per minute
Patients should be unaware of the respiratory assessment to prevent altered breathing patterns
This includes practices used to render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms
For example, inserting an indwelling urinary catheter or inserting an intravenous catheter
Surgical asepsis or sterile technique
What are the Five Moments for Hand Hygiene?
Moment 1—Before touching a patient
Moment 2—Before a clean or aseptic procedure
Moment 3—After body fluid exposure risk
Moment 4—After touching a patient
Moment 5—After touching patient surroundings
Follow hand hygiene techniques
Wear clean, nonsterile gloves when touching body fluids excretions, secretions, contaminated items, mucous membranes, nonintact skin, and potentially contaminated skin.
...What precaution am I?
Standard or universal precautions.
Name the 8 pulse sites
vTemporal
vCarotid
vBrachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis
2 contraindications to taking an oral temp
impaired cognitive functioning,
children younger than age 6,
inability to close lips around thermometer,
diseases of the oral cavity,
patients receiving oxygen by mask,
and oral or nasal surgery
Retractions
Nasal flaring
Grunting
Dyspnea
Orthopnea (breathing more easily in an upright position)
Tachypnea (rapid respirations)