People
Wrote the book the Principles of Psychology (1890) and coined the term "stream of consciousness"
Who is William James?
This is a theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.
What is Behaviorism?
The focus of this career is to assist people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
Counseling Psychologist
The scientific study of the mind and behavior.
What is psychology?
The science that studies the relationship between a person's character and the morphology of the skull.
What is phrenology?
The founder of behaviorism who also ran the study on Little Albert.
Who is John Watson?
A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth.
What is Humanism?
The focus of this profession is to study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders. Requires a masters or doctoral degree.
Clinical Psychologist
This age-old debate is concerned with whether behavior is determined mainly by genetics or environment and experience.
What is nature vs. nurture
This branch of psychology examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations.
What is evolutionary psychology?
Established the first formal laboratory for psychology in Leipzig, Germany in 1879
Who is Wilhelm Wundt
A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
What is the psychodynamic theory?
These professionals are medical doctors who are licensed to provide drug treatments as well as psychological therapy. They do a four-year residency after med school.
Psychiatrists
An early school of psychology that was based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and structures and to investigate how those elements are related.
What is structuralism?
This perspective of psychology studies how our genes cause us to behave and think as we do.
What is behavioral genetics?
Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual, aggressive, and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (rationalizing conscious, what one can do) and superego (ingrained moral values, what one should do).
Who is Sigmund Freud?
The scientific study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem-solving, creativity, and thinking"
Cognitive Psychology
The career where one studies psychological processes affect and enhance teaching and learning; examines curriculum design, teacher training, achievement testing, student motivation, classroom diversity, and other aspects of the educational process.
Educational Psychology
An early school of psychology that was based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure .
What is functionalism?
This English psychologist studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years. He is best known for creating his version of psychology that described the structure of the mind: structuralism
Who is Edward Titchener?
One of the leading proponents of behaviorism who wrote the book Beyond Freedom and Dignity. He argued that all human actions could be understood in terms of physical stimuli and learned responses. He created a box to train animals.
Who is B. F. Skinner?
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
Developmental Psychology
The career devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems.
School Psychology
According to this principle, heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to future generations and thus come to be selected over time.
What is natural selection?
The branch of psychology that focuses on the psychology of the workforce, customer, and consumer, including job satisfaction, work behavior, stress at work, management.
What is industrial-organizational psychology?