Biology
Atoms
Elements and Water
Macromolecules
Macromolecules Cont.
100
Biology is the study of life, including organisms and their interaction with other organisms and their environments (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

100

What is the smallest unit of matter that retains its physical and chemical properties of its respective element?

The atom

100

What element is represented by the letter "C"?

Carbon

100

Describe the difference between a monomer and a polymer.

A monomer is an individual building block component that come together with other like monomers to make a polymer
100

What are the monomeric components of a protein?

amino acids

200

A form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion.

Inductive Reasoning

200
What are the three subatomic particles?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

200
What is the atomic mass of Platinum?

195.084

200

What is the name of the bond that forms between two monosaccharides?

glycosidic bond (linkage)

200

What are the 4 nucleotides in DNA, and what are their binding pairs.

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine.

A-T

G-C

300

List 1 of the 7 key properties of life.

1. Order and organization

2. Sensitivity or response to stimuli

3. Reproduction

4. Growth and development

5. Evolution

6. Homeostasis

7. Energy processing

300

What subatomic particle dictates what element an atom is?

the Protons
300

What element has 98 protons?

Californium

300

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

monosaccharide

300

Describe 3 differences between DNA and RNA

Single vs. double strand

sugar backbone

Thymine vs. uracil

Only nuclear vs can leave the nucleus

400

What biological level of organization comes after cells?

Tissues

400

Define the octet rule...

The outermost electron shell (valence shell) wants to hold 8 electrons, not including the first electron shell.

400

Provide a definition of a polar molecule. What is hydrophilic and hydrophobic mean? Which of these definitions best describes a polar molecule?

A polar molecular is a molecular that is "slightly" charged, due to unequal sharing of electrons across a covalent bond due to imbalance of atomic electronegativity. This would be hydrophilic

hydrophilic-water loving

hydrophobic- water fearing

400

What are the monomeric components of triglycerides?

glycerol and three fatty acids

400

What is the name of the bond that forms between two protein monomers?

Peptide Bond

500

Defined as unicellular organism with no membrane bound nucleus, believed to be the oldest living organisms on earth.

Archaea

500

Describe elemental isotopes....

an isotope is an element with a different number of neutrons than other forms of that element (ex. Carbon 12 vs Carbon 14)

500

How does water's polar nature play an important role in ice and its impact on life on earth?

Water's polar nature allows it to form hydrogen bonds between the molecules. This forms a more spacious rigid structure of molecules that are less densely packed than free moving liquid water. Being that ice is less dense it floats!


This prevents all organisms from freezing in water, and also provides a protective insulated buffer for those animals.

500

Describe the make-up of a phospholipid. Also describe is reaction to water.

Made of Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.


Phospholipids are amphipathic, meaning they have a water loving and a water fearing side.

500

What are the 4 conformational stages of a protein? Briefly describe each.

Primary- polypeptide chain, linear in form

Secondary- alpha helixes and beta pleaded sheets

Tertiary- fully folded structure of a single protein

Quaternary- fully folded structure of multiple proteins together (Hemoglobin)

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