Vocabulary 1
The practice of farming, growing crops, and raising animals for food or trade.
Agriculture
Why did the South need to move toward industrialization after the Civil War?
The South needed to industrialize after the Civil War because its economy had depended on slavery and farming. After slavery ended, the South had to rebuild and find new ways to make money and provide jobs.
True or False: Tariffs are taxes placed on imported goods to protect American businesses.
TRUE
How did Alexander Graham Bell contribute to and impact American society?
He invented the telephone, which made communication faster and easier.
Areas in cities or towns where many people live and work.
Urban
Farmers who worked land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops.
Sharecroppers
What challenges existed in settling in the Great Plains from the cultural perspectives of settlers?
Settlers faced harsh weather, little wood for building, and conflicts with Native Americans.
True or False: Homes built from blocks of dirt and grass used by settlers on the Great Plains where wood was scarce were called sod houses.
TRUE
How did George Washington Carver contribute to and impact American society?
He developed new uses for crops like peanuts and sweet potatoes, helping farmers improve their soil and income.
Areas in the countryside where there are farms and few people.
Rural
Focusing on one type of work or product to become skilled and efficient.
Specialization
The movement of settlers and immigrants west across the United States during the 1800s.
Westward Expansion
Why was the lack of labor laws a major struggle of the Progressive Era?
Without labor laws, workers—including children—faced unsafe conditions, long hours, and unfair pay.
How did Thomas Edison contribute to and impact American society?
He invented the light bulb and improved electricity use, changing how people lived and worked.
A system where farmers rented land and kept their crops but paid rent to the landowner.
Tenant Farmers
Business leaders who built large companies and industries during the Gilded Age.
Industrial Capitalists
What major ideas and events defined the Gilded Age?
The Gilded Age was marked by industrial growth, new inventions, big business, urbanization, and social inequality.
How did the South's move toward industrialization change the South?
It created more jobs in cities, led to the growth of towns, and slowly shifted the economy from farming to manufacturing. However, poverty and segregation still affected many people.
What impact did entrepreneur Andrew Carnegie have on society?
He built a large steel empire and gave much of his money to education and libraries.
A farming tool invented by John Deere that made it easier to break hard soil for planting.
Steel Plow
When one company controls an entire industry or product, limiting competition.
Monopoly
What was the role of labor unions?
Labor unions fought for better wages, safer working conditions, and shorter work hours for workers.
Explain what specialization means in your own words.
Answers will vary.
What impact did entrepreneur Cornelius Vanderbilt have on society?
He expanded railroads and improved transportation, helping connect cities and grow the economy.
People who moved west to start new lives and farms on the frontier.
Settlers