random
what is con bio as a crisis discipline?
- urgent action needed even with incomplete knowledge
- proactive strategies are essential
- no point in helping a species are in the process of extinction
what is context?
- distribution of peregrine falcons subspecies
- ducks trick the falcons by slowing down so they miss
what are the three goals of con bio?
- document the full range of biodiversity on earth
- investigate human impacts on biodiversity
- develop practical approach to prevent untimely loss of biodiversity
what is ecosystem diversity?
variety of ecosystems and communities
what is species evenness?
the relative number of species present at a given geographical scale
- shannon diversity index
- higher number = more evenly distributed
what are refining applications of policies?
1. understand risk quickly (recognize threat)
2. be adaptive
3. monitor system
4. male decisionss
what are early observations?
- decline of falcon population
- substantial drop
what is the biocentric model of conservation?
- centred around how we can conserve
- disturbed state -> counteract threats -> natural state -> identifying threats -> disturbed state
what is a species?
populations that can interbreed with members of the same group in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring
what is functional diversity?
the diversity of organisms categorized by their ecological roles and traits
- removing a species from an ecosystem affects others
- strong connection at one location and their relation?
what is optimism and progress?
- population growth slowing; energy use improving (beneficial for nature)
- protected areas expanding globally (less farms required, more land for wildlife)
- moral, ethical, and scientific imperatives align
-- e.g., late pope's call for stewardship -> judeo-christians
what are correlating factors of decline?
- DDT as insecticide was used in 1940's to 1970's (correlation established)
- correlation between egg shell thinning and concentration of DDT residue.
- egg weight along with eggshell thickness decline as DDT was invented
what is the social model of conservation?
- concerned with maintaining biodiversity but takes other values into account as well. It includes a social values component, a science component, and a decision‐making component.
what are the types of species concepts?
- biological species (BSC) e.g., deers, bears, fish
- morphological species (morphospecies)
- phylogenetic species (evolutionary species)
what is phylogenetic diversity?
evolutionary distinctiveness of species
e.g., salamanders
what is DDT as a causative factor?
- DDT is an endocrine disruptor that interferes with calcium metabolism and reproductive pathway, which leads to very thing eggshells
- observations of broken eggs and egg-eating behaviours
- e.g., in quebec and pennsylvania
what us genetic diversity?
variation within species
What is MSD?
- measuring species diversity
what is biodiversity and ecosystem function?
high biodiversity generally supports stronger ecosystem services
What is the status?
- population increased without human intervention
- DDT residues in population declined gradually (not all of the impact is fully removed).
what is species diversity?
the number and relative abundance of species
what is species richness?
the number of species present at a given geographical state
- alpha diversity- gamma diversity
- beta diversity
what is genetic diversity and population health?
genetic diversity: various versions of genetic composition within and among populations of a single species.
- measure of genotypic diversity:
-- polymorphic genes
-- heterozygosity
e.g., irish potato famine was worsened as potato crops were susceptible to pathogens due to lack of genetic diversity