Key Terms
What are groups of Native Americans with large populations and who speak the same language?
Tribes
What was the name given to the military commanders and explorers who claimed land and riches in the name of the their respective monarchs?
Conquistadors
What were the "Three Sisters?"
Corn, Beans, and Squash
Who were the two main powers in Europe that arose in the 15th century?
Spain and Portugal
What was the capital of the Aztecs?
Tenochtitlan
What type of empire in Africa was based around modern-day Guinea and primarily traded people to the Europeans for guns and textiles?
Forest Empire
What was the name of the centuries-long conflict between Christians and Muslims and Spain?
Reconquista
What was the name of the land bridge that connected Asia to North America, which allowed early Native Americans to arrive on the continent?
Beringia
What Spanish King and Queen sponsored Columbus' voyages to North America?
Ferdinand and Isabella
What was the name given to Dona Marina who became Cortes' translator in Central Mexico?
La Malinche
What treaty established a demarcation line through the middle of the globe that split the world between the Portuguese and Spanish?
Treaty of Tordesillas
Who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519-1520 and took over much of Central Mexico and Spain?
Hernan Cortes
What were two reasons why the Vikings did not stay in North America?
Bad Weather
Limited Resources
Native Resistance
Food Shortages
What were the three main reasons for European Expansion?
Control of Trade
Control Land
Spread Christianity
What became the new popular resource the Spanish started to collect in the Americas?
Silver
What person conquered the Incan Empire and allowed Spain to capture and control much of South America?
Francisco Pizarro
What governing system granted Spainards the ability to extract forced labor from the indigenous population in exchange for protection?
Encomienda System
Leif Erikson and the Vikings discovered and founded a colony on which Canadian island?
Newfoundland
What three diseases caused widespread epidemics across the Americas that devastated the Native American population?
Smallpox
Typhus
Influenza
What was the name of those military settlements that were designed to protect and secure Spanish territories in the Americas?
Presidios
What was the capital of the Inca?
Cuzco
What was the name of the forced resettlement of Native Americans in Spanish controlled lands in the Americas?
Congraciones
What was the name of the migration theory that stated that early Native Americans arrived on the continent by sailing along the coast of the Americas and moving inland?
Kelp Highway Theory
Use indigenous population for labor
Use indentured servitude from Europe
Import African slaves to the Americas
Who was the emperor of the Aztec who was defeated by Cortes?
Montezuma