Chapter 1
What is the first step in the EMS system?
What is recognizing an emergency exists
How old does the person have to be, to be considered an infant?
What is birth to one year
What is one signs or symptom of someone that is going through cardiac arrest?
What is
Chest pain, which can range from mild to unbearable. The person may complain of pressure, squeezing, tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest. The pain or discomfort is persistent, lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or going away and then coming back. It is not relieved by resting, changing position or taking medication. It may be difficult to distinguish the pain of a heart attack from the pain of indigestion, heartburn or a muscle spasm.
Discomfort or pain that spreads to one or both arms, the back, the shoulder, the neck, the jaw or the upper part of the stomach
Dizziness or light-headedness
Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath or breathing that is faster than normal
Nausea or vomiting
Pale, ashen (gray) or slightly bluish skin, especially around the face and fingers
Sweating, feeling of anxiety or impending doom, Extreme fatigue (tiredness), Unresponsiveness
What foods are choking hazards?
What are Nuts and seeds, Hot dogs and sausages, Chunks of meat or cheese, Chunks of fruit (such as apples) and whole grapes, Raw vegetables (such as carrots and celery), Popcorn, Peanut butter
What are signs and symptoms for sudden illness?
What is trouble breathing, pain, changes in consciousness, light headed, fever, and nausea
What is the second step in the EMS system?
What is deciding to take action
How old does the person have to be, to be considered a child?
What is 1-3 years
What is one thing you should do if you think someone is going into cardiac arrest?
What
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately. Never try to drive a person who is experiencing signs and symptoms of a heart attack to the hospital yourself. EMS personnel can transport the person to the hospital safely while initiating care.
Have the person stop what he or she is doing and rest in a comfortable position to reduce the heart’s need for oxygen. Many people experiencing a heart attack find it easier to breathe while sitting.
Loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing Reassure the person.
Anxiety increases the person’s discomfort.
If the person has a history of heart disease and takes a prescribed medication to relieve chest pain (e.g., nitroglycerin), offer to locate the medication and help the person to take it.
If the person is responsive, able to chew and swallow, and allowed to have aspirin, you may offer two low-dose (81-mg) aspirin tablets or one 5-grain (325-mg) regular-strength aspirin tablet (Box 3-1).
Closely monitor the person’s condition until EMS personnel arrive and take over. Notice any changes in the person’s appearance or behavior.
If you are trained in giving CPR and using an automated external defibrillator (AED), be prepared to give CPR and use an AED if the person becomes unresponsive.
What household objects and toys are choking hazards?
What are Plastic bags, broken or uninflated balloons, and disposable gloves (the thin material can block the airway)
Coins
Buttons
Small “button” batteries (found inside watches,car key fobs, singing greeting cards, hearing aids and other electronics)
Magnets
Marbles
Beads
Pebbles
Pen or marker caps
What is Asthma?
What is a chronic illness in which certain substances or conditions, called triggers, cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult.
What is the third step in the EMS system?
What is activating the EMS system
How old does a person have to be, to be considered a school age child?
What is 5-12 years old
What is cardiac arrest?
What is occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs.
What is the number of back blows that should be given to an adult?
What is 5
What are some signs and symptoms of an Asthma attack?
What is
Wheezing or coughing.
Rapid, shallow breathing (or trouble breathing).
Sweating.
Being unable to talk without stopping for a breath in between every few words.
Feelings of tightness in the chest or being unable to get enough air into the lungs.
Anxiety and fear.
What is the fourth step in the EMS system?
What is giving care until EMS arrives
How old does a person have to be, to be considered an adolescent?
What is 12-20 years old
What is the adult cardiac chain of survival?
What is
Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency medical services (EMS) system. The sooner someone recognizes that a person is in cardiac arrest and calls 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number, the sooner people capable of providing advanced life support will arrive on the scene.
Early CPR. CPR circulates oxygen-containing blood to the brain and other vital organs, helping to prevent brain damage and death.
Early defibrillation. Defibrillation (delivery of an electrical shock using an AED) may restore an effective heart rhythm, significantly increasing the person’s chances for survival.
Early advanced life support. Provided by EMS personnel at the scene and en route to the hospital, early advanced life support gives the person access to emergency medical care delivered by trained professionals.
Integrated post–cardiac arrest care. After the person is resuscitated, an interdisciplinary team of medical professionals works to stabilize the person’s medical condition, minimize complications, and diagnose and treat the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest to improve survival outcomes.
What is the number of abdominal thrusts that should be given to an adult?
What is 5
What drug is used when someone has an Asthma attack?
What is Epinephrine
What are the four signs of an emergency?
What is Unusual sights sounds behaviors
True or false, you should use the acronym S.A.M.P.L.E to gather more information about the person?
What is True
What is pediatric chain of survival?
What is
Prevention. Because cardiac arrest in children often occurs as the result of a preventable injury (such as trauma, drowning, choking or electrocution), the Pediatric Cardiac Chain of Survival has “prevention” as the first link.
Early CPR. CPR circulates oxygen-containing blood to the brain and other vital organs, helping to prevent brain damage and death.
Activation of the emergency medical services (EMS) system. The sooner someone recognizes that a person is in cardiac arrest and calls 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number, the sooner people capable of providing advanced life support will arrive on the scene.
Early advanced life support. Provided by EMS personnel at the scene and en route to the hospital, early advanced life support gives the person access to emergency medical care delivered by trained professionals.
Integrated post–cardiac arrest care. After the person is resuscitated,an interdisciplinary team of medical professionals works to stabilize the person’s medical condition, minimize complications, and diagnose and treat the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest to improve survival outcomes.
True or false, a child can receive 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts
What is True
What are some signs and symptoms of someone having a stroke?
What is
Trouble with speech and language, including slurring of words, being unable to form words or being unable to understand what others are saying
Drooling or difficulty swallowing
Drooping of the features on one side of the face (for example, the eyelid and the corner of the mouth)
Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Weakness
Paralysis or numbness of the face, arms or legs, especially on one side of the body
A sudden, severe headache
Dizziness or loss of balance
Confusion
Loss of consciousness