Organelles / Process
A network of flattened sacs running through the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
What is endoplasmic reticulum?
The partially permeable membrane that surrounds plant vacuoles
What is tonoplast?
Small circular piece of DNA in a bacterium (not its main chromosome); often contain genes that provide resistance to antibiotics
What is a plasmid?
Small scale that is placed in microscope eyepiece
What is an eyepiece graticule?
One of two small, cylindrical structures, made from microtubules, found just outside the nucleus in animal cells, in a region known as the centrosome; found at the bases of cilia and flagella
What is a centriole?
A tiny organelle found in large numbers in all cells; prokaryotic are about 20 nm in diameter while eukaryotic are about 25 nm in diameter
What is ribosome?
Stacks of membranes inside a chloroplasts
What is a grana?
A polysaccharide combined with amino acids; it is also known as murein; makes the bacteria cell wall more rigid
What is peptidoglycan?
Very small, accurately drawn scale of known dimensions, engraved on a microscope slide
What is a stage micrometer?
A spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells; it contains digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes and has a variety of destructive functions, such as removal of old cell organelles
What is lysosomes?
Folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial envelope on which are found stalked particles of ATP synthase and electron transport chains associated with aerobic respiration
What is cristae?
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells; a large permanent central structure is a typical feature of plant cells, where it has a variety of functions, including storage of biochemicals such as salts, sugars and waste products
What is a vacuole?
A group of single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms; they have a number of characteristics, such as the ability to form spores, which distinguish them from the other group of prokaryotes known as Archaea
What is bacteria?
The number of times larger an image of an object is than the real size of the object
What is magnification?
The main microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) in animal cells
What is a centrosome?
Small, finger-like extensions of a cell which increase the surface area of the cell for more efficient absorptionor secretion
What is microvilli?
A pore-like structure found in plant cell walls; the neighboring plant cells line up to form tube-like pores through the cell walls, allowing the controlled passage of materials from one cell to the other; the pores contain ER and are lined with the cell surface membrane
What is plasmodesmata?
An organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
What is a prokaryote?
A picture taken with the aid of a microscope
What is a micrograph?
The molecule that is converted to ATP by addition of phosphate ( a reaction known as phosphorylation) during cell respiration; the enzyme responsible is ATP synthase; the reaction requires energy
What is ADP?
A picture taken using a light microscope
What is a photomicrograph?
A flattened, membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac which is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in a chloroplast
What is a thylakoid?
A small (20-300 nm) infectious particle which can replicate only inside living cells; it consists of a molecule of
What is a virus?
The ability to distinguish between two objects very close together; the higher the ______________ of an image, the greater the detail can be seen
What is resolution?
A very thin membrane (about 7 nm diamter) surrounding all cells; partially permeable and controls the exchange of materials between the cell and itsenvironment
What is a cell surface membrane?