U.S. Healthcare System
This type of financing accounts for about 55% of the total U.S. healthcare expenditures and is mostly provided through employers.
What is private financing?
In this country, healthcare is financed by the government through general taxes but is delivered by private providers.
What is Canada?
Air pollution, contaminated food and water, radiation, and toxic chemicals are examples of these factors.
What are physical environmental factors?
Joan's height of 5'2" and weight of 175 pounds result in an approximate BMI of 32, making this a health determinant that should be considered.
What are weight and obesity?
This helps define a society's ideals and is based on the beliefs and principles a society considers important.
What is a value system?
In the United States, a person's coverage through this determines much of their access to healthcare.
What is health insurance?
This country uses government-mandated employer and employee contributions to finance healthcare, with private not-for-profit "sickness funds" collecting contributions.
What is Germany?
Diet, exercise, stress, and risky behaviors are examples of these factors that can contribute to health problems.
What are lifestyle or behavioral factors?
Joan reports drinking 2–3 glasses of wine every evening to reduce stress, making this determinant important to consider.
What is substance abuse?
Traditional American healthcare beliefs have historically been based primarily on this principle, which emphasizes individual responsibility and market forces.
What is market justice?
The U.S. healthcare system is characterized by high costs, unequal access, and this type of overall outcome.
What are average outcomes?
In this country, the government manages the healthcare infrastructure and finances a tax-supported national health insurance program.
What is the United Kingdom?
This determinant can predispose individuals to certain diseases and is something a person inherits from their family.
What is heredity?
Gerrard smokes two to three packs of cigarettes per day, making this health determinant especially important.
What is tobacco usage?
This principle focuses on making essential healthcare services available to all members of society.
What is social justice?
This 2010 law expanded health insurance coverage in the United States but did not achieve universal coverage.
What is the Affordable Care Act?
In Canada, citizens generally receive basic universal coverage but may purchase this type of additional insurance through their employer.
What is private health insurance?
Heart disease, diabetes, stroke, sexually transmitted diseases, and cancer can all be linked to this type of factor.
What are lifestyle or behavioral factors?
Gerrard has been beaten during a robbery and has a large open gash on his face, indicating that this determinant needs to be considered.
What is injury violence?
Immigration and increasing diversity have contributed to the development of these groups within American society, influencing attitudes toward health, illness, and death.
What are subcultures?
Unlike many developed countries, the U.S. government generally plays this role in healthcare rather than being the primary provider of the system.
What is a subsidiary/supporting role to the private sector?
Compared with the United States, almost all other developed countries have healthcare systems that provide this to their citizens.
What is universal health insurance coverage?
Preventive and curative healthcare services are important to individual and population health, making this a key determinant of health.
What is access to care?
Gerrard lives in a mountainous area, has no known address, and must walk miles to reach the clinic. These circumstances make this determinant especially important.
What is access to care?
This concept refers to how a healthcare system should distribute limited resources and make essential services available equitably to society's members.
What is distributive justice or equity?