Earthquakes Part 1
The idea that the earth's crust is made up of moving plates
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Fast moving waves that occur beneath the surface of the earth
Body waves
Occurs when rocks move horizontally past each other
Strike-Slip Fault
Volcanic Fog
Vog
Magma that breaks through the earth's surface
Lava
The crust and the upper area of the mantle
Lithosphere
Slower destructive waves that occur on the surface of the earth
Surface Waves
When rocks push together, forcing a section of rock upward
Thrust/ Reverse Fault
The area around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes occur
The Ring of Fire
An avalanche-like emission of red-hot dust and gases from a volcanic eruption
Pyroclastic flow
The beginning point of an earthquake
Focus
Detects, times, and measures the movements of the earth
Seismograph
When rocks move apart, forming a gap
Normal Fault
Hot springs
A certain volcano is expected to erupt again within the next five years. It has a bowl-like crater at its top and only one main vent.
What type of volcano is it?
Active cinder cone volcano
The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
Epicenter
How an earthquake's magnitude is measured
Richter Scale
Breaks in the earth's surface along which rock can move
Faults
A danger of volcano in which part of a mountain collapses, causing mud and rock fragments to surge down the mountain
Debris flow
This large volcano seems to be layered, signifying that different types of lava flows have occured in the past, but the volcano is presently inactive.
What type of volcano is it?
Dormant composite cone volcano
Vibrations of energy that flow from the focus of an earthquake
Seismic waves
What is ONE cause of an earthquake?
(there are 3- you should know ALL of them for the test)
- when molten rock moves under a volcano
-the buildup and release of energy when two surface plates move or shift against each other
-when large amounts of earth are removed or added
Strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake
Magnitude
What is ONE cause of a volcanic eruption?
(there are 2- you should know both of them for the test)
- a hot spot
-heated magma rising to the surface
This large, gradually sloping volcano has mild eruptions and a continuous flow of lava. Scientists will study the composition of the gathered lava
Active shield volcano