Energy in Motion
What is the ability to do work or cause change?
Energy
What is a push or a pull called?
Force
What type of energy increases when you rub your hands together and they become warm?
Thermal energy
What is a complete path through which electric current can flow?
Electric circuit
Name three important parts of a simple electric circuit that can light a bulb.
Battery, wires, and light bulb.
What type of energy does a moving object have?
Kinetic energy
What is it called when two objects come into contact and exert forces on each other?
Collision
What type of energy is produced when a drum vibrates?
Sound energy
What is a material that allows electric current to flow easily?
Conductor
What type of circuit turns a light bulb turn on?
Closed
A ball is resting at the top of a hill. What type of energy does it have?
Potential energy
Name two ways an object's motion can change during a collision.
An object can speed up, slow down, stop, or change direction. (Any two)
When an object gets warmer, do its particles generally move faster or slower?
Faster
What is the difference between an open circuit and a closed circuit?
An open circuit has a break that prevents electric current from flowing. A closed circuit has a complete path that allows electric current to flow.
Why are electrical wires often covered in plastic or rubber?
Plastic and rubber are insulators that help prevent electric current from traveling through unwanted paths.
What two factors affect an object's kinetic energy?
Mass and speed
Why can a faster-moving object cause a greater change during a collision?
A faster-moving object has more kinetic energy, which can cause a greater change during a collision.
Name four ways energy can be transferred from place to place.
Sound, light, heat, and electric currents.
What is the purpose of a resistor in an electric circuit?
To limit the flow of electric current.
What happens to a light bulb when a switch opens the circuit? Explain why.
The light bulb turns off because the circuit becomes incomplete, preventing electric current from flowing.
A lamp changes electrical energy into light energy. Is this energy transfer or energy transformation? Explain.
Energy transformation, because energy changes from one form to another.
In our Egg Drop Challenge, why did we use soft materials like cotton balls and padding?
Soft materials increased the time it took the egg to stop, reducing the force on the egg and helping protect it from breaking.
You hold a warm mug of hot chocolate. Explain how thermal energy moves between the mug and your hand.
Thermal energy transfers from the warmer mug to the cooler hand.
Explain the difference between a conductor and an insulator. Give one example of each.
A conductor allows electric current to flow easily, such as copper. An insulator does not allow electric current to flow easily, such as rubber or plastic.
If resistance increases in a simple circuit and the battery stays the same, what generally happens to the electric current?
The electric current decreases.