EUROPE IN CRISIS
What religious movement challenged tha Catholic Church in the 1500s?
Tha Protestant Reformation
What document limited the power of the English king and protected certain rights?
The Petition of Right
What is absolutism?
A system in which a monarch has nearly complete power.
Who was the French king who famously represented absolute monarchy?
Louis XIV
What group in England wanted Parliament to have more power than the king?
Parliamentarians
What major conflict was fought between Catholics an Protestants in Europe from 1618–1648?
Thirty Years' War
In what year did the English Civil War begin?
1642
What idea claimed that kings received their authority from God?
Divine right of kings
Who believed strongly in the divine right of kings and ruled England before the English Civil War?
Charles I
What country did Louis XIV rule?
France
What peace treaty ended tha Thirty Years' War?
Westphalia
Who led Parliament's forces and later ruled England as Lord Protector?
Oliver Cromwell
Which French king was known as the “Sun King”?
Louis XIV
Who became Lord Protector after the execution of Charles I?
Oliver Cromwell
What was one major reason Charles I had conflicts with Parliament?
Disagreements over taxes and royal power
What disease outbreak killed millions of people across Europe in the 1300s?
The Black Death
Who was the English king executed after the Civil War?
Charles I
What famous palace did Louis XIV use to display his wealth and power?
Versailles
Who were the two rulers who took the English throne after the Glorious Revolution?
William and Mary
What term describes the belief that monarchs are chosen by God to rule?
Divine right
What invention helped spread new ideas and information throughout Europe?
The printing press
What revolution in 1688 removed James II and strengthened Parliament?
The Glorious Revolution
What type of government developed in England in which the monarch's power was limited by law and Parliament?
Constitutional monarchy
Who was the Russian ruler who greatly expanded Russia and tried to modernize it?
Peter the Great
How did religious, political, and economic conflicts affect European countries during this period?
They caused wars, revolutions, and political changes. They also challenged the power of monarchs and helped lead to new forms of government, including constitutional monarchy.